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Table 3 Bias, precision and accuracy of the estimating equations in the whole group and according to the glomerular filtration rate cut-off value of 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 determined by iohexol clearance

From: Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C in octogenarians and nonagenarians

Variable/equations

Overall

mGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2

mGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2

(N = 95)

(N = 56)

(N = 39)

Bias

   

MDRD

4.6 (1.7 to 7.5)*

5.9 (2.2 to 9.7)*

2.7 (-2.1 to 7.5)

CKD-Epi creatinine

1.7 (-1.0 to 4.4)

3.6 (1.8 to -0.1)

-1.0 (-5.1 to 3.1)

BIS creatinine

-6.6 (-8.9 to -4.3)*

-1.9 (-4.6 to 0.9)

-13.4 (-16.4 to -10.4)*

CKD-Epi cystatin C

-7.4 (-10.3 to -4.4)*

-6.3 (-9.9 to -2.7)*

-8.9 (-14.1 to -3.7)*

CKD-Epi creatinine-cystatin C

-4.0 (-6.4 to -1.6)*

-2.7 (-5.9 to 0.5)

-5.9 (-9.6 to -2.3)*

BIS creatinine-cystatin C

-8.3 (-10.5 to -6.0)*

-4.3 (-7.0 to -1.6)*

-13.9 (-17.1 to -10.7)*

Precision

   

MDRD

14.4 (12.6 to 16.1)

14.1 (11.5 to 16.5)

14.8 (12.0 to 16.8)

CKD-Epi creatinine

13.3 (11.7 to 14.9)

13.6 (11.2 to 15.7)

12.7 (10.3 to 14.4)

BIS creatinine

11.4 (10.0 to 12.6)

10.4 (8.6 to 12.0)

9.3 (7.8 to 10.4)

CKD-Epi cystatin C

14.5 (11.6 to 17.7)

13.4 (9.0 to 18.7)

16.1 (12.1 to 18.8)

CKD-Epi creatinine-cystatin C

11.7 (9.7 to 14.1)

12.0 (9.0 to 15.4)

11.3 (7.9 to 13.4)

BIS creatinine-cystatin C

11.0 (9.3 to 12.9)

10.1 (7.7 to 12.9)

9.9 (7.4 to 11.8)

CRMSE

   

MDRD

15.1 (13.9 to 16.3)

15.3 (13.5 to 17.2)

15.0 (13.5 to 16.5)

CKD-Epi creatinine

13.5 (12.5 to 14.5)

14.0 (12.5 to 15.5)

12.7 (11.4 to 14.0)

BIS creatinine

13.2 (12.1 to 14.3)

10.6 (9.5 to 11.7)

16.3 (14.2 to 18.4)

CKD-Epi cystatin C

16.3 (15.0 to 17.6)

14.8 (13.0 to 16.6)

18.4 (16.4 to 20.4)

CKD-Epi creatinine-cystatin C

12.4 (11.4 to 13.4)

12.3 (10.8 to 13.7)

12.7 (11.3 to 14.1)

BIS creatinine-cystatin C

13.8 (12.7 to 14.9)

11.2 (9.9 to 12.5)

17.1 (15.1 to 19.1)

Accuracy within 30%,%

   

MDRD

70.5 (60.7 to 78.7)ad

64.3 (51.2 to 75.5)bcf

79.5 (64.5 to 89.2)

CKD-Epi creatinine

74.7 (65.2 to 82.3)b

64.3 (51.2 to 75.5)bce

89.7 (76.4 to 95.9)

BIS creatinine

80.0 (70.9 to 86.8)

78.6 (66.2 to 87.3)

82.1 (67.3 to 91.0)

CKD-Epi cystatin C

65.3 (55.3 to 74.1)acf

60.7 (47.6 to 72.4)bc

71.8 (56.2 to 83.4)b

CKD-Epi creatinine-cystatin C

85.3 (77.0 to 91.3)

80.4 (68.2 to 88.7)

92.3 (79.7 to 97.3)

BIS creatinine-cystatin C

83.2 (74.6 to 89.7)

85.7 (74.3 to 92.6)

79.5 (64.5 to 89.2)

  1. Values are expressed in ml/min/1.73 m2, except for accuracy where values are % of subjects. In parenthesis are 95% confidence intervals.
  2. mGFR: glomerular filtration rate measured by iohexol clearance.
  3. CRMSE: combined root mean square error = the square root of [(mean difference between estimated and measured GFR)2 + (SD of the difference)2].
  4. *p < 0.01 compared with mGFR.
  5. ap < 0.01, bp < 0.05 compared with the CKD-Epi creatinine-cystatin C equation.
  6. cp < 0.01, dp < 0.05 compared with the BIS creatinine-cystatin C equation.
  7. ep < 0.01, fp < 0.05 compared with the BIS creatinine equation.