Table 1 Clinical and metabolic characteristics of participants

Age (years)

66.8 ± 11.3

66.3 ± 11.4

67.4 ± 10.9

0.089

Duration diabetes (years)

9.1 ± 6.7

8.8 ± 6.5

9.4 ± 6.9

0.250

BMI (kg/m²)

30.3 ± 5.2

29.6 ± 4.5

31.1 ± 6.0

0.001

Obesity, n(%)

533 (46,5)

297 (43.1)

236 (51.8)

0.004

Abdominal waist circumference (cm)

100.0 ± 17.1

103.5 ± 12.1

100.2 ± 13.6

0.001

Smoking (n%)

  Yes

158 (13,8)

123 (17.9)

35 (7.7)

0.001

  Ex-smoker

345 (30.1)

312 (45.2)

33 (7.2)

  Never

642 (56.1)

254 (36.9)

388 ( 85.1)

HbA_1C (%)

7.3 ± 1.3

7.2 ± 1.2

7.3 ± 1.3

0.089

Hypertension (n%)

860 (75.1)

514 (74.6)

346 (75.9)

0.625

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

134.5 ± 13.2

134.3 ± 12.6

134.8 ± 14,0

0.984

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

77.0 ± 9.1

77.1 ± 8.9

76.8 ± 9.3

0.477

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.70 ± 0.93

4.63 ± 0.99

4.89 ± 0.90

0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

2.79 ± 0,83

2.74 ± 0,86

2.84 ± 0,78

0.021

non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

3.49 ± 0,91

3.46 ± 0,96

3.55 ± 0,90

0.086

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

1.29 ± 0.35

1.17 ± 0.31

1.33 ± 0.37

0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

1.69 ± 0.96

1.70 ± 1.04

1.68 ± 0.87

0.450

Plasmatic creatinine (mg/dl)

0.93 ± 0.3

1.01 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.001

eGFR ml/min/1,73 m²

79.9 ± 23.5

80.4 ± 22.4

78.6 ± 23.6

0.142

Albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g)

39.2 ± 144.3

46.3 ± 169.5

28.4 ± 93.4

0.979

Coronary heart disease (n%)

177 (15.4)

137 (19.9)

34 (7.5)

0.001

Heart failure (n%)

91 (7.9)

49 (7.1)

42 (9.2)

0.199

Peripheral vascular disease (n%)

98 (8.5)

85 (12.3)

13 (2.9)

0.001

Stroke (n%)

79 (6.9)

57 (8.3)

22 (4.8)

0.024