Table 1 Summary of baseline characteristics, intra-operative parameters and acute physiologic stratified by AKI status
Parameter | Total | AKI | No AKI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n, % | 140 | 106 (75.7) | 34 (24.3) | - |
Age (years) [mean [SD]) | 71.1 (8.8) | 71.6 (8.0) | 69.7 (10.9) | 0.27 |
Male Sex (n, %) | 119 (85.0) | 88 (83.0) | 31 (91.2) | 0.41 |
Co-morbid disease | ||||
Hypertension (n, %) | 99 (70.7) | 77 (72.6) | 22 (64.7) | 0.39 |
Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 50 (35.2) | 37 (35.2) | 13 (39.4) | 0.68 |
Stroke (n, %) | 14 (10.1) | 10 (9.5) | 4 (11.8) | 0.75 |
Diabetes Mellitus (n, %) | 24 (17.1) | 20 (18.9) | 4 (11.8) | 0.44 |
Ever smoked (n, %) | 113 (91.1) | 82 (90.1) | 31 (93.9) | 0.73 |
Baseline eGFR (mean [SD]) | 65.8 (19.9) | 63.1 (20.1) | 74.1 (17.0) | 0.005 |
Baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n, %) | 47 (33.6) | 41 (38.7) | 6 (17.7) | 0.04 |
Pre-operative Medications | ||||
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (n, %) | 42 (31.1) | 33 (32.4) | 9 (27.3) | 0.67 |
ACE inhibitor/ARB (n, %) | 46 (34.1) | 35 (34.1) | 11 (33.3) | 1.0 |
Beta-blocker (n, %) | 39 (28.9) | 26 (25.5) | 13 (39.4) | 0.18 |
Intra-operative variables | ||||
Operative Duration (min) (mean [SD]) | 228 (74) | 221 (69) | 261 (92) | 0.03 |
Supra-renal Aortic Clamp (n, %) | 22 (16.7) | 17 (17.0) | 5 (15.6) | 1.0 |
Estimated blood loss (L) (mean [SD]) | 3.4 (3.2) | 3.9 (3.6) | 1.8 (1.4) | 0.002 |
Red cell transfusion (units) (median [IQR]) | 7 (3–12) | 9 (5–14) | 2 (0–4) | < 0.0001 |
Post-operative variables | ||||
Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 120 (85.7) | 102 (96.2) | 18 (52.9) | < 0.001 |
Vasoactive support (n, %) | 54 (40.6) | 51 (50.5) | 3 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
APACHE II score (mean [SD]) | 23.4 (8.5) | 25.7 (8.2) | 16.3 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
MAP (mm Hg) (mean [SD]) | 63.4 (13.8) | 62.5 (14.6) | 66.1 (11.3) | 0.18 |
Heart rate (beats/min) (mean [SD]) | 111 (21) | 113 (21) | 103 (15) | 0.01 |
PaO2 (cm H2O) (mean [SD]) | 72.9 (28.4) | 73.2 (31.5) | 72.0 (15.5) | 0.82 |
PaCO2 (cm H2O) (mean [SD]) | 41.9 (7.2) | 42.5 (7.6) | 39.9 (5.6) | 0.06 |
pH (mean [SD]) | 7.26 (0.10) | 7.24 (0.10) | 7.31 (0.07) | 0.002 |
Hematocrit (mean [SD]) | 0.276 (0.05) | 0.267 (0.05) | 0.305 (0.04) | 0.001 |
White cell count (cells/109) (mean [SD]) | 12.8 (4.4) | 12.8 (4.5) | 12.9 (4.3) | 0.92 |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) (mean [SD]) | 142 (4.0) | 143 (3.6) | 140 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
Serum potassium (mmol/L) (mean [SD]) | 4.9 (0.9) | 5.0 (0.9) | 4.5 (0.5) | 0.001 |
Serum glucose (mmol/L) (mean [SD]) | 10.1 (2.9) | 10.4 (2.9) | 9.1 (2.2) | 0.01 |
Serum troponin-I elevation (n, %) | 78 (55.7) | 69 (65.1) | 9 (26.5) | < 0.001 |