Table 1 Baseline characteristics and 24-hour urine collection in 23 patients with CKD and 24 healthy controls
|  | Patients (n = 23) | Healthy Controls (n = 24) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (Female/Male) (%) | 6 (26)/17 (74) | 6 (25)/18 (75) | Â |
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â |
 Males | 60 ± 10 | 58 ± 9 | 0.52 |
 Females | 63 ± 8 | 60 ± 8 | 0.53 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â |
 Males | 27.4 ± 2.6 | 25.6 ± 2.2 | 0.03 |
 Females | 24.4 ± 4.4 | 23.2 ± 1.6 | 0.54 |
24-h BP (mmHg) | 124/76 ± 15/8 | 123/74 ± 7/5 | 0.72/0.25 |
Pulse Rate (min-1) | 68 ± 10 | 65 ± 8 | 0.19 |
Screening Biochemistry | Â | Â | Â |
 p-sodium (mmol/l) | 141 ± 2 | 142 ± 2 | 0.22 |
 p-potassium (mmol/l) | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 0.02 |
 p-albumin (g/l) | 43 ± 3 | 43 ± 2 | 0.34 |
 p-hemoglobin (mmol/l) | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
 p-creatinine (μmol/l)) | 199.7 ± 81.6 | 76.7 ± 12.0 | <0.0001 |
 eGFR (ml/min) | 31 ± 15 | 87 ± 15 | <0.0001 |
 p-urea (mmol/l) | 12.7 ± 4.9 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
 u-albumin (mg/l) | 8 (5; 65) | 5 (2; 8) | 0.01 |
24-h urine collection | Â | Â | Â |
Urine Output (ml/24 h) | 2741 ± 753 | 2667 ± 817 | 0.75 |
u-osm (mosm/24 h) | 831 ± 219 | 917 ± 150 | 0.12 |
CH2O (ml/min) | -0.029 ± 0.52 | -0.355 ± 0.56 | 0.04 |
Creatinin Clearance ml/min * m2 | 46 ± 21 | 114 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
u-AQP2 (ng/mmol) | 144 ± 29 | 139 ± 23 | 0.55 |
u-ENaCγ (ng/mmol) | 96 ± 41 | 90 ± 33 | 0.55 |
u-NKCC2 (ng/mmol) | 377 ± 99 | 365 ± 98 | 0.70 |
u-Na (μmol/min) | 99 ± 37 | 94 ± 32 | 0.63 |
FENa (%) | 1.71 ± 0.99 | 0.53 ± 0.19 | <0.0001 |
u-K (μmol/min) | 47 (37; 53) | 50 (46; 59) | 0.11 |
FEK (%) | 21 (16; 28) | 11 (9; 12) | <0.0001 |