Table 1 Characteristics of CKD and non-CKD participants in NHANES 1999-2004

Age, years (mean ± SE)

60.7 (0.7)

43.9 (0.3)

<0.001

Male gender, % (SE)

43.1 (1.0)

50.6 (0.4)

<0.001

Race, % (SE)

0.004

  Non-Hispanic White

71.9 (2.1)

72.4 (1.6)

  Non-Hispanic Black

10.8 (1.2)

9.9 (0.9)

  Mexican American

5.6 (1.0)

7.6 (0.9)

  Other Hispanic

5.8 (1.4)

5.8 (1.1)

  Other

5.8 (1.0)

4.2 (0.4)

Smoking, % (SE)

18.7 (1.1)

25.6 (0.8)

<0.001

Income, % (SE)

<0.001

  Missing

11.0 (1.0)

9.0 (0.6)

  <20,000

26.3 (1.8)

15.0 (0.8)

  20,000-45,000

30.1 (1.4)

26.5 (1.0)

  45,000-75,000

18.4 (1.6)

23.4 (0.8)

  > = 75,000

14.2 (1.5)

26.1 (1.4)

BMI (mean ± SE)

29.2 (0.3)

28.1 (0.1)

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm) (mean ± SE)

101.1 (0.6)

96.1 (0.3)

<0.001

Total fat kg (mean ± SE)*

30.3 (0.4)

28.1 (0.2)

<0.001

Total lean mass excluding BMC kg (mean ± SE)*

49.1 (0.4)

51.2 (0.2)

<0.001

Percent body fat (mean ± SE)*

36.7 (0.2)

33.8 (0.1)

<0.001

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m² (mean ± SE)

72.9 (0.9)

96.8 (0.4)

<0.001

UACR (mg/g) (mean ± SE)

154.4 (15.4)

7.1 (0.08)

<0.001

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.59 (0.03)

0.39 (0.009)

<0.001

Hypertension (SBP >140 or DBP >90 mm Hg) or use of antihypertensives

62.4 (1.6)

25.2 (0.8)

<0.001

Diabetes

20.4 (1.4)

4.6 (0.2)

<0.001

Hyperlipidemia

67.9 (1.5)

52.8 (0.8)

<0.001

Liver condition

3.7 (0.5)

3.1 (0.2)

0.07

Cancer,% (SE)

16.1 (1.1)

6.6 (0.3)

<0.001

Physical activity,% (SE)

<0.001

  LTPA <450 METS/week

67.0 (1.7)

53.7 (1.1)

  LTPA 450–749.9 METS/week

8.7 (0.8)

9.1 (0.4)

  LTPA ≥750 METS/week

24.3 (1.5)

37.2 (1.0)

Sodium intake mg (mean ± SE)***

3011 (45)

3549 (30)

<0.001