Table 3 Risk of bias and confounding
From: Chronic kidney disease and support provided by home care services: a systematic review
Risk of bias and confounding | ||
|---|---|---|
Q1: Do the inclusion/exclusion criteria remain identical across the comparison groups (the individuals) of the study? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [51, 52], Verger [55, 56], Xu [57] |
Partially | Brunier [58], Lobbedez [50], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Wadhwa [60] | |
Hemodialysis | Yes | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | No | Wilde [64] |
Q2: Does the strategy for recruiting participants into the study remain identical across groups (individuals)? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Brunier [58], Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50–52], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55, 56], Wadhwa [60], Xu [57] |
Hemodialysis | Yes | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Yes | Wilde [64] |
Q3: Is the selection of the comparison group appropriate, after taking into account feasibility and ethical considerations? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Castrale [48], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50–52], Oliver [53, 54], Verger [55, 56], Xu [57] |
Not Applicable | ||
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
Not Applicable | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Not Applicable | Wilde [64] |
Q4: Does the study account for important variations in the execution of the study? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Castrale [48], Franco [59], Lobbedez [51, 52], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [56] |
Partially | Brunier [58], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50], Wadhwa [60], Xu [57] | |
Not Applicable | Verger [55] | |
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
Partially | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | No | Wilde [64] |
Q5: Were valid and reliable measures, implemented consistently across all study participants used to assess inclusion/exclusion criteria, intervention/exposure outcomes, participant benefits and harms, and potential confounders? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Brunier [58], Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50–52], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55, 56], Wadhwa [60], Xu [57] |
Hemodialysis | Yes | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Yes | Wilde [64] |
Q6: Was the length of follow-up identical across study groups or remedied through analysis? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | |
No | ||
Not Applicable | Brunier [58], Franco [59], Oliver [54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55], Wadhwa [60] | |
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
Not Applicable | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Not Applicable | Wilde [64] |
Q7: In cases of high loss to follow-up (or differential loss to follow-up), was the impact assessed (e.g., through sensitivity analysis or other adjustment method)? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | |
No | ||
Not Applicable | ||
Cannot Determine | Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50], Verger [56], Xu [57] | |
Hemodialysis | Cannot Determine | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | No | Wilde [64] |
Q8: Are all important primary outcomes accounted for in the results? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Brunier [58], Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50–52], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55, 56], Wadhwa [60], Xu [57] |
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
Partially | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Yes | Wilde [64] |
Q9: Are results believable taking study limitations into consideration? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Brunier [58], Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [50–52], Oliver [53, 54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55, 56], Wadhwa [60], Xu [57] |
Hemodialysis | Yes | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Partially | Wilde [64] |
Q10: Did the study attempt to balance the allocation between the groups or match groups (e.g., through stratification, matching, propensity scores)? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Yes | Castrale [48], Lobbedez [51, 52], Oliver [53], Verger [56], Xu [57] |
No | ||
Not Applicable | ||
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
Not Applicable | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | Not Applicable | Wilde [64] |
Q11: Were important confounding variables taken into account in the design and/or analysis (e.g., through matching, stratification, interaction terms, multivariate analysis, or other statistical adjustment such as instrumental variables)? | ||
Peritoneal Dialysis | Partially | Castrale [48], Franco [59], Hsieh [49], Lobbedez [51, 52], Oliver [53], Verger [56], Xu [57] |
No | Brunier [58], Lobbedez [50], Oliver [54], Ponferrada [61], Verger [55], Wadhwa [60] | |
Hemodialysis | Yes | Babamohammadi [62] |
No | Agraharkar [63] | |
Pre-dialysis & Dialysis | No | Wilde [64] |