Association between ratio of measured extracellular volume to expected body fluid volume and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective single-center cohort study

Table 3 Hazard ratios of different clinical variables for adverse renal outcomes

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis*
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age, per 10 years of age	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.01	0.84 (0.69–1.04)	0.10
Men	1.82 (1.04–3.29)	0.04	1.13 (0.60–2.10)	0.70
Diabetes mellitus	3.60 (1.90–6.50)	<0.001	1.49 (0.72–2.98)	0.28
%ECW_BIA/TBW_Watson	1.24 (1.13–1.35)	<0.001	1.21 (1.10–1.34)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	<0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.63
Baseline eGFR_CKD-EPI, ml/min/1.73 m²	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	<0.001	0.96 (0.95–0.98)	<0.001
UPCR, g/gCr	1.29 (1.15–1.42)	<0.001	1.20 (1.01–1.38)	0.04

Note: ^*Adjusted for age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, ECW_BIA/TBW_Watson percentage, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein–creatinine ratio (variables associated with adverse renal outcomes identified in the univariate analysis [P < 0.10] were entered into the multivariable model). When the ECW_BIA/ECW_Peters ratio was used as the dependent variable instead of the %ECW_BIA/TBW_Watson ratio, the results remained similar (data not shown).
Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, %ECW _BIA /TBW _Watson percentage of extracellular water as measured by bioimpedance analysis to total body water calculated using the Watson formula, eGFR _CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, UPCR urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio.

ISSN: 1471-2369