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Table 4 Regression analyses examining the association between severity of AKI and survival, in-hospital mortality, LOS, ITU utilisation, increase in care and readmission

From: What is the real impact of acute kidney injury?

  

Risk of death

In-hospital mortality

ITU transfer

Increase in care

Hospital re-admission

Relative length of stay

Relative ITU length of stay

Model

Stage of AKI

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

1

No AKI

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

AKIN 1

4.85 (4.51, 5.21)

4.29 (3.68, 5.01)

2.36 (1.90, 2.93)

2.71 (2.17, 3.38)

1.93 (1.75, 2.13)

1.90 (1.84, 1.97)

1.38 (1.13, 1.68)

 

AKIN 2

12.0 (11.0, 13.1)

16.8 (13.5, 21.1)

4.72 (3.36, 6.61)

3.71 (2.56, 5.38)

2.25 (1.83, 2.76)

2.58 (2.43, 2.75)

1.54 (1.17, 2.01)

 

AKIN 3

15.6 (14.2, 17.1)

24.7 (18.8, 32.3)

23.8 (16.4, 34.6)

2.27 (1.36, 3.81)

2.09 (1.61, 2.72)

3.07 (2.85, 3.30)

2.25 (1.85, 2.73)

2

No AKI

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

AKIN 1

3.11 (2.89, 3.35)

2.98 (2.53, 3.52)

2.63 (2.11, 3.28)

1.61 (1.29, 2.01)

1.69 (1.53, 1.87)

1.68 (1.62, 1.74)

1.43 (1.17, 1.74)

 

AKIN 2

7.54 (6.89, 8.25)

13.5 (10.5, 17.5)

5.43 (3.88, 7.61)

2.07 (1.43, 2.97)

2.00 (1.63, 2.46)

2.22 (2.09, 2.36)

1.56 (1.20, 2.04)

 

AKIN 3

11.6 (10.6, 12.7)

25.2 (18.6, 34.5)

23.9 (16.6, 34.4)

1.56 (0.93, 2.60)

1.94 (1.49, 2.53)

2.72 (2.53, 2.92)

2.27 (1.88, 2.76)

3

No AKI

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

AKIN 1

1.89 (1.74, 2.04)

2.41 (1.99, 2.91)

2.76 (2.20, 3.46)

1.33 (1.06, 1.67)

1.42 (1.29, 1.57)

1.52 (1.47, 1.58)

1.39 (1.14, 1.69)

 

AKIN 2

3.81 (3.46, 4.18)

12.1 (8.84, 16.5)

6.03 (4.58, 8.51)

1.49 (1.02, 2.16)

1.50 (1.23, 1.83)

1.88 (1.77, 2.00)

1.42 (1.07, 1.87)

 

AKIN 3

5.49 (4.97, 6.06)

26.3 (17.8, 38.8)

22.4 (15.5, 32.2)

1.07 (0.64, 1.80)

1.54 (1.20, 1.99)

2.16 (2.01, 3.32)

2.18 (1.77, 2.68)

  1. Model 1. Unadjusted. Model 2. Adjusted for age and gender. Model 3. Adjusted for age, gender, primary diagnosis, modified Charlson co-morbidity score, stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), admission from residential or nursing care, deprivation index, hospital admissions and outpatient appointments in the last 12 months. All values are statistically significant, with p values < 0.001. The outcomes are defined as follows: ITU transfer - a patient being transferred to and spending any time in ITU during their hospital stay; Increase in Care - a patient being admitted from home and being discharged to residential or nursing care; Hospital Re-admission – a patient being re-admitted to hospital within 30 days following discharge; Relative Length of Stay – the ratio of length of stay in comparison to the length of stay of a patient without AKI; Relative ITU Length of Stay – the ratio of ITU length of stay (in those patients who went to ITU) in comparison to the length of stay in ITU of a patient without AKI.