|
Irisin (ng/mL)
|
0.13 (0.02, 1.56)
|
4.73 (3.83, 5.97)
|
10.38 (8.67, 12.17)
|
23.05 (17.73, 31.28)
|
7.26 (2.75, 14.72)
|
<0.001‡
|
|
Demographics
| | | | | | |
|
N (%)
|
279 (25.0%)
|
279 (25.0%)
|
279 (25.0%)
|
278 (25.0%)
|
1115 (100.0%)
| |
|
Sex
| | | | | | |
|
Male (n, %)
|
94 (33.7%)
|
100 (35.8%)
|
85 (30.5%)
|
70 (25.2%)
|
349 (31.3%)
|
0.039*
|
|
Female (n, %)
|
185 (66.3%)
|
179 (64.2%)
|
194 (69.5%)
|
208 (74.8%)
|
766 (68.7%)
| |
|
Age (years)
|
53.2 ± 7.4
|
52.6 ± 7.4
|
53.4 ± 7.1
|
53.5 ± 7.0
|
53.2 ± 7.2
|
0.7
|
|
Education categories, (n, %)
| | | | | |
0.4
|
|
Illiteracy
|
66 (23.7%)
|
70 (25.1%)
|
91 (32.6%)
|
75 (27.0%)
|
302 (27.1%)
| |
|
Elementary school
|
87 (31.2%)
|
77 (27.6%)
|
77 (27.6%)
|
89 (32.0%)
|
330 (29.6%)
| |
|
Middle school
|
67 (24.0%)
|
77 (27.6%)
|
52 (18.6%)
|
60 (21.6%)
|
256 (23.0%)
| |
|
High school
|
35 (12.5%)
|
33 (11.8%)
|
38 (13.6%)
|
36 (13.0%)
|
142 (12.7%)
| |
|
College or above
|
24 (8.6%)
|
22 (7.9%)
|
21 (7.5%)
|
18 (6.4%)
|
85 (7.6%)
| |
|
Life style
| | | | | | |
|
Ever smoking (n, %)
|
82 (29.4%)
|
81 (29.0%)
|
73 (26.2%)
|
59 (21.2%)
|
295 (26.5%)
|
0.1
|
|
Ever drinking (n, %)
|
37 (13.3%)
|
27 (9.7%)
|
36 (12.9%)
|
30 (10.8%)
|
130 (11.7%)
|
0.4
|
|
Physical activity (MET-h/week)
|
84.0 (46.2, 158.2)
|
84.0 (46.2, 140.0)
|
87.3 (46.2, 152.4)
|
100.3 (56.0, 154.0)
|
84.0 (51.6, 148.4)
|
0.4
|
|
Body composition indices
| | | | | | |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
27.5 ± 3.1
|
27.3 ± 3.1
|
27.7 ± 3.3
|
27.2 ± 2.8
|
27.5 ± 3.1
|
0.2
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
94.1 ± 7.3
|
93.8 ± 7.2
|
93.4 ± 7.1
|
93.1 ± 6.6
|
93.6 ± 7.1
|
0.4
|
|
Waist hip ratio
|
0.940 ± 0.049
|
0.943 ± 0.050
|
0.933 ± 0.050
|
0.930 ± 0.049
|
0.937 ± 0.049
|
0.006†
|
|
Body fat mass (kg)
|
24.0 ± 5.4
|
23.3 ± 5.3
|
24.1 ± 5.6
|
24.0 ± 5.1
|
23.9 ± 5.3
|
0.2
|
|
Body fat rate (%)
|
34.6 ± 6.6
|
34.0 ± 6.9
|
35.1 ± 7.0
|
35.3 ± 6.3
|
34.7 ± 6.7
|
0.1
|
|
Body fat free weight (kg)
|
46.7 ± 9.2
|
46.2 ± 8.4
|
45.8 ± 8.5
|
44.8 ± 7.5
|
45.9 ± 8.4
|
0.1
|
|
Muscle mass (kg)
|
44.1 ± 8.8
|
43.7 ± 8.1
|
43.2 ± 8.1
|
42.2 ± 7.2
|
43.3 ± 8.1
|
0.048*
|
|
Clinical characteristics
| | | | | | |
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
133.9 ± 17.5
|
133.1 ± 17.6
|
135.7 ± 20.1
|
133.1 ± 16.0
|
134.0 ± 17.9
|
0.3
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
80.1 ± 10.7
|
80.0 ± 10.8
|
80.4 ± 12.1
|
79.0 ± 9.6
|
79.9 ± 10.8
|
0.4
|
|
Serum albumin (g/L)
|
49.1 ± 2.4
|
48.9 ± 2.4
|
49.0 ± 2.3
|
49.2 ± 2.5
|
49.0 ± 2.5
|
0.8
|
|
Serum glubulin (g/L)
|
25.0 ± 3.2
|
25.7 ± 3.4
|
26.5 ± 3.7
|
26.8 ± 3.4
|
26.0 ± 3.4
|
<0.001‡
|
|
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
|
1.94 ± 1.44
|
1.98 ± 1.34
|
1.81 ± 1.16
|
1.77 ± 1.15
|
1.87 ± 1.28
|
0.2
|
|
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
5.83 ± 1.10
|
5.77 ± 1.00
|
5.91 ± 1.11
|
5.95 ± 1.13
|
5.87 ± 1.09
|
0.2
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
1.36 ± 0.30
|
1.35 ± 0.31
|
1.36 ± 0.28
|
1.39 ± 0.30
|
1.37 ± 0.30
|
0.6
|
|
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
3.59 ± 1.02
|
3.54 ± 0.96
|
3.73 ± 1.03
|
3.76 ± 1.03
|
3.65 ± 1.01
|
0.022*
|
|
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
|
6.22 ± 1.95
|
6.09 ± 1.69
|
6.23 ± 1.95
|
6.09 ± 1.35
|
6.16 ± 1.75
|
0.6
|
|
Glucose 120 min OGTT (mmol/L)
|
9.11 ± 4.17
|
8.93 ± 4.09
|
9.16 ± 4.24
|
9.01 ± 3.90
|
9.05 ± 4.10
|
0.9
|
|
Fasting insulin (mIU/L)
|
13.2 ± 7.2
|
12.6 ± 6.8
|
12.5 ± 6.4
|
12.7 ± 6.6
|
12.7 ± 6.8
|
0.6
|
|
HOMA-IR (*10-6 mol*IU*L-2)
|
3.68 ± 2.37
|
3.49 ± 2.59
|
3.51 ± 2.22
|
3.50 ± 2.21
|
3.54 ± 2.35
|
0.7
|
|
HbA1c
|
6.27 ± 1.25
|
6.17 ± 0.97
|
6.23 ± 1.06
|
6.16 ± 0.85
|
6.21 ± 1.04
|
0.6
|
|
Hyperuricemia, (n (%))
|
120 (43.0%)
|
103 (36.9%)
|
104 (37.3%)
|
103 (37.1%)
|
430 (38.6%)
|
0.4
|
|
eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, (n (%))
|
9 (3.2%)
|
13 (4.7%)
|
11 (3.9%)
|
7 (2.5%)
|
40 (3.6%)
|
0.6
|
|
Albumin creatinine ratio > =30 mg/g, (n (%))
|
57 (20.4%)
|
52 (18.6%)
|
70 (25.1%)
|
47 (16.9%)
|
226 (20.3%)
|
0.1
|
|
CKD, (n (%))
|
64 (22.9%)
|
62 (22.2%)
|
80 (28.7%)
|
52 (18.7%)
|
258 (23.1%)
|
0.046*
|
