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Table 3 Pooled data showing effect of each risk factor on CKD and heterogeneity between the four groups§

From: Risk factors and their interaction on chronic kidney disease: A multi-centre case control study in Taiwan

 

Univariable analyses

Multivariable analyses

OR (95 % CI)

I2

Q test

OR (95 % CI)

I2

Q test

Gender (Male versus Female)

1.65 (1.49 to 1.82)*

25.5 %

0.296

1.61 (1.45 to 1.78)*

0.0 %

0.934

Age (per 10 years)

1.19 (1.09 to 1.29)*£

85.7 %*

<0.001*

1.44 (1.13 to 1.83)*

24.1 %

0.323

Obesity (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.14 (0.93 to 1.40)

43.9 %

0.163

1.07 (0.86 to 1.33)

39.0 %

0.204

Income (Median versus Low)

0.57 (0.45 to 0.72)*£

80.8 %*

<0.001*

0.58 (0.47 to 0.73)*

71.9 %

0.011

(High versus Low)

0.50 (0.38 to 0.67)*£

82.3 %*

<0.001*

0.55 (0.43 to 0.70)*

65.0 %

0.022

HB (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.08 (0.88 to 1.33)

21.6 %

0.263

1.25 (1.03 to 1.52)

0.0 %

0.523

HC (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.29 (0.93 to 1.79)

0.0 %

0.707

1.22 (0.85 to 1.74)

0.0 %

0.778

Hyperuricaemia (Abnormal versus Normal)

4.56 (3.96 to 5.26)*

0.0 %

0.213

3.63 (3.11 to 4.24)*

0.0 %

0.806

Anaemia (Abnormal versus Normal)

4.89 (2.76 to 8.66)*£

88.5 %*

<0.001*

4.64 (2.81 to 7.65)*£

82.2 %*

<0.001*

Hyperlipidaemia (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.48 (1.17 to 1.88)*£

80.5 %*

0.001

1.28 (0.97 to 1.67)£

81.3 %*

0.001*

Smoking status (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.45 (1.28 to 1.64)*

26.6 %

0.305

1.17 (1.02 to 1.34)

0.0 %

0.559

Alcohol intake (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.15 (1.00 to 1.33)

22.3 %

0.248

0.83 (0.71 to 0.97)

0.0 %

0.701

Betel nut chewing (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.35 (1.03 to 1.77)

29.0 %

0.233

1.10 (0.85 to 1.44)

0.0 %

0.836

Exercise habits (Abnormal versus Normal)

0.74 (0.65 to 0.85)*

50.9 %

0.106

0.71 (0.64 to 0.79)*

0.0 %

0.859

Groundwater using (Abnormal versus Normal)

1.44 (1.13 to 1.83)

24.1 %

0.323

1.29 (1.04 to 1.61)

0.0 %

0.534

  1. §: The four groups were Group I (participants without DM and HTN), Group II (participants with HTN without DM), Group III (participants with DM without HTN) and Group IV (participants with DM and HTN)
  2. HB: hepatitis B; HC: hepatitis C
  3. OR: pooled odds ratio for variation groups compared with reference groups on CKD; 95 % CI: 95 % confidence interval of OR
  4. I2: heterogeneity between four groups in each variable; Q test: the significant test of I2 using Cochrane Q test
  5. Boldface & *: significance after Bonferroni adjustment: p value <0.05/14 = 0.0036
  6. £: The pooled results were unreliable because the difference between coefficients in four group were significant. Please refer to the results of stratified analyses in Supplementary File (univariable analyses: Additional file 1: Table S1; multivariable analyses: Additional file 1: Table S2)
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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