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Table 3 Publications that reported a correlation between prognostic indicators and change in renal function or volume

From: A systematic review of the predictors of disease progression in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Prognostic indicator

Number of publications reporting prognostic indicator

Publications reporting a significant association between prognostic indicator and rate of decrease in renal function (GFR)

Publications reporting a significant association between prognostic indicator and rate of increase in renal volume

Age e.g. age at diagnosis (years)

10

Higashihara, 2014 [101], Chen, 2014 [14], Schrier 2003 [40], Thong, 2013 [100]a, Torres, 2007 [16]a,b, Panizo, 2012 [60]a, Ozkok, 2013 [59], Marier, 2013 [49], Spithoven, 2013 [99]

Torres, 2011 [15]

Chen, 2014 [14]

Higashihara, 2014 [101]

Baseline TKV e.g. log10 baseline TKV (cm3)

10

Higashihara, 2014 [101], Chen, 2014 [14]d, Grantham, 2006 [46]e, Schrier, 2003 [40]f, Warner, 2012 [56], Panizo, 2012 [60]g, Lacquaniti, 2013 [98]h, Marier, 2013 [49], Torres, 2007, 2011 [15, 16]b

Chen, 2014 [14]d

Grantham, 2006 [46]e

Higashihara, 2014 [101]i

Torres, 2007, 2011 [15, 16]

Baseline GFR (either estimated or measured)

6

Higashihara, 2014 [101]j, Chen, 2014 [14], Griveas, 2012 [58], Spithoven, 2013 [99]c, Torres, 2007 [16], Lacquaniti, 2013 [98]h

Chen, 2014 [14]

Proteinuria/albuminuria e.g. baseline albuminuria (mg/L)

5

Schrier, 2003 [40], Torres, 2007 [16]k, Ozkok, 2013 [59], Panizo, 2012 [60]l

Kistler, 2009 [92]

Torres, 2007 [16]b

Blood pressure e.g. mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

4

Schrier, 2003 [40]m, Panizo, 2012 [60]n, Chen, 2014 [14]o,p, Ozkok, 2013 [59]o

Chen, 2014 [14]q

Male gender

3

None

Harris, 2006 [17]

   

Kistler, 2009 [92]

   

Chen, 2014 [14]

Urine sodium concentration

3

Torres, 2007 [16]

Torres, 2007, 2011 [15, 16]

   

Irazabal, 2012 [48]

Protein/creatinine ratio

2

Azurmendi, 2011 [23]r

Chen, 2014 [14]

  

Chen, 2014 [14]

Azurmendi, 2011 [23]s

PKD1 genotype

2

Kurashige, 2012, 2013 [95, 96]

None

Cholesterol e.g. serum HDL-c (mg/dL)

1

None

Torres, 2011 [15]s

Othert,u

14

Chen, 2014 [14], Grantham, 2006 [46], Hwang, 2013 [97], Panizo, 2012 [60], Ozkok, 2013 [59], Warner, 2012 [56], Kurashige, 2013 [96], Spithoven, 2013 [99]c, Lacquaniti, 2013 [98]h, Torres, 2007, 2010, 2011 [15, 16, 55]b, Boertien, 2010, 2012 [93, 94]

Chen, 2014 [14]

  1. Publications of the same study have been grouped to prevent double-counting of patients
  2. ADH antidiuretic hormone, ΔeGFR rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HDL high density lipoprotein, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, MCP1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, mGFR measured glomerular filtration rate, TKV total kidney volume
  3. aYounger age at diagnosis bwhen baseline GFR excluded from regression analyses crenal function measured by tubular secretion of creatinine dlog10 baseline TKV correlated with annual % growth in TKV ebaseline TKV >1500 mL frenal volume; gkidney size; hrenal function assessed by combination of decrease in mGFR and increase in TKV ibaseline and final TKV jfinal eGFR (P = 0.001) but not baseline eGFR (P = 0.401) significantly correlated with annual ΔeGFR kalbuminuria; lmicroalbuminuria; mmean arterial pressure ndiastolic and systolic blood pressure ohistory of hypertension pintake of hypertensive drugs qdiastolic blood pressure and antihypertensive drug intake rhigh urinary albumin/creatinine ratio sserum HDL tother prognostic indicators in studies assessing disease progression by measures of renal function include: baseline creatinine, body mass index, body surface area, chronic asymptomatic pyuria, cholesterol, cyst parenchyma surface area, copeptin levels, MCP-1, plasma ADH in PKD1 patients, presence of hernia, renal blood flow, thrombocyte count, uric acid, urinary stone and urine osmolality uother prognostic indicators in studies assessing disease progression by measures of renal volume include: apelin levels, copeptin levels, renal blood flow, and thrombocyte count