Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects
Urinary adiponectin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Total (n = 229) | 1st tertile (n = 76) | 2nd tertile (n = 77) | 3rd tertile (n = 76) | P |
Age (years) | 49.5 ± 13.33 | 46.1 ± 14.29 | 51.2 ± 11.51* | 51.2 ± 13.56* | 0.022 |
Male (%) | 49.8 | 64.5 | 40.3** | 44.7* | 0.006 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.81 | 25.5 ± 4.05 | 25.3 ± 3.63 | 25.4 ± 3.78 | 0.956 |
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.6 ± 9.35 | 104.7 ± 9.07 | 104.8 ± 8.94 | 107.3 ± 9.90 | 0.161 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 56.6 | 47.9 | 64.4* | 57.5 | 0.132 |
History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 3.5 | 2.6 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 0.614 |
Current smoking (%) | 12.2 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 21.1* | 0.016 |
Regular exercise (%) | 52.4 | 56.6 | 59.7 | 40.8 | 0.043 |
Intensive diet education (%) | 48.5 | 56.6 | 33.8** | 55.3 | 0.007 |
Medication (%) | |||||
Beta blocker | 35.4 | 32.9 | 31.2 | 42.1 | 0.316 |
Calcium channel blocker | 93.0 | 92.1 | 94.8 | 92.1 | 0.751 |
Statin | 48.5 | 35.5 | 55.8* | 53.9* | 0.021 |
Antiplatelet agent | 43.7 | 40.8 | 41.6 | 48.7 | 0.556 |
Blood findings | |||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.0 ± 1.71 | 14.4 ± 1.60 | 14.0 ± 1.66 | 13.6 ± 1.77*** | 0.009 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.8 ± 35.27 | 181.8 ± 33.49 | 183.4 ± 35.09 | 186.3 ± 37.42 | 0.722 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.4 ± 1.80 | 6.3 ± 1.80 | 6.1 ± 1.65 | 6.7 ± 1.93 | 0.192 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.41 | 1.0 ± 0.29 | 1.1 ± 0.39 | 1.3 ± 0.49*** | <0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 79.9 ± 24.62 | 88.9 ± 21.61 | 80.4 ± 21.89* | 70.4 ± 26.75*** | <0.001 |
Urine findings | |||||
Adiponectin (μg/g creatinine) | 34.5 (15.0–86.8) | 11.2 (3.9–15.0) | 34.5 (25.9–46.6)*** | 128.6 (86.5–202.9)*** | <0.001 |
24-h sodium (mEq/day) | 155.1 ± 68.94 | 162.1 ± 77.81 | 145.9 ± 55.61 | 157.5 ± 71.54 | 0.328 |
24-h albumin (mg/day) | 550.0 (241.4–1286.1) | 259.4 (134.3–517.2) | 501.0 (268.0–1227.4)*** | 1317.0 (660.9–2419.5)*** | <0.001 |