Table 4 Randomised controlled trials examining the effects of vitamin B supplementation on outcomes in haemodialysis patients
Study | Participants | Design | Intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jamison 2007 [34]. USA | N = 2056 (63 % ACKD, 37 % ESKD) (98 % male); Intervention: n = 1032 (65 ± 12 years); Placebo: n = 1024 (66 ± 12 years) | 3-month RCT with 3.2-year follow-up (median) | Daily: 100 mg vitamin B6, 40 mg folate, and 2 mg vitamin B12 | ↑ folate (short term and long term); ↓ homocysteine (short term and long term); no effect on risk of MI, stroke, amputation or all-cause mortality |
Heinz 2010 [33]. Germany | N = 650 (58 % male); Intervention: n = 327 (61 ± 13 years); Placebo: n = 323 (61 ± 13 years) | RCT, median length 2.1 year, range 0.2–5.2 years | 3×/week: 20 mg vitamin B6, 5 mg folate, 20 μg vitamin B12 | Unstable angina: HR 0.32 (95 % CI 0.12–0.89); no effect on risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality |