The burden of comorbidity in people with chronic kidney disease stage 3: a cohort study

BMC Nephrology

Table 4 Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality in the RRID study population

Variable		Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^c
		(univariate)		(sociodemographic variables)		(lifestyle and clinical variables)
		HR (95 % CI)	p value	HR (95 % CI)	p value	HR (95 % CI)	p value
Number of comorbidities (vs none or one)	2	2.31 (1.36–3.94)	<0.001	1.68 (0.99–2.88)	<0.001	1.51 (0.88–2.59)	<0.001
Number of comorbidities (vs none or one)	3 or more	4.58 (2.85–7.38)	<0.001	3.15 (1.95–5.10)	<0.001	2.81 (1.72–4.58)	<0.001
Age (years)		-	-	1.08 (1.06–1.11)	<0.001	1.07 (1.05–1.09)	<0.001
Sex (male vs. female)		-	-	1.74 (1.28–2.36)	<0.001	1.45 (1.06–1.97)	0.020
Education status (vs. highest level of qualifications)	Group1	-	-	1.60 (0.96–2.68)	0.112	-	-
	(No formal qualifications)	-	-	1.60 (0.96–2.68)		-	-
	Group 2	-	-	1.45 (0.92–2.32)		-	-
	(GCSE, A level, NVQ1-3)	-	-	1.45 (0.92–2.32)		-	-
Index of multiple deprivation (vs. least deprived)	Quintile 1 (most deprived)	-	-	1.40 (0.90–2.19)	0.900	-	-
	Quintile 2	-	-	1.36 (0.85–2.22)		-	-
	Quintile 3	-	-	1.35 (0.85–2.13)		-	-
	Quintile 4	-	-	1.23 (0.66–2.27)		-	-
Smoking (vs. never smokers)	Current smoker	-	-	-	-	1.20 (0.86–1.66)	0.049
Smoking (vs. never smokers)	Ex-smoker	-	-	-	-	2.07 (1.01–4.25)	0.049
BMI (kg/m², continuous)		-	-	-	-	0.98 (0.95–1.02)	0.319
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m², continuous)		-	-	-	-	0.96 (0.95–0.98)	<0.001
Log average uACR (mg/mmol, continuous)		-	-	-	-	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.885

Outcome – all cause mortality at Feb 2013, n events = 175
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, uACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, SD standard deviation
^aUnivariate
^bAdjusted for age, sex, education status, IMD
^cFinal model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, BMI, eGFR and uACR

ISSN: 1471-2369