Table 5 Frailty phenotype and self-reported frailty definition
Components of frailty | CHS [10] (fried criteria) frail | WHI [8] (woods criteria) self-report frail | MDRD self-report frail |
|---|---|---|---|
Slowness/weakness | Timed 15 –foot walk (slowest 20 %);1 point. Grip strength (lowest 20 %) 1 point | Rand-36 Physical Function scale (score < 75) 2 points | MDRD Quality of Life Questionnaire; 2 points |
Poor endurance/exhaustion | Two items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Everything I do is an effort. I cannot get going. Answers >3-4 days/wk to either question were scored positive for frailty 1 point | Rand-36 Vitality Scale (score < 55) Over past 4 weeks: Did you feel worn out? Did you feel tired? Did you have a lot of energy? Did you feel full of pep? 1 point | MDRD Patient Symptom Questionnaire (monthly): In the past month how often have you felt lack of pep and energy? Tiring easily, weakness?, (scale never(0), mild(33), moderate(66), severe(100)) 1 point |
Physical activity | Modified Minnesota Leisure Time activities: Self report of whether a person performed any if 18 activities in the prior week. Kcal of energy expended in a week on leisure time activity was calculated. Those in the bottom quintile were deemed positive for frailty. (men exerting < 383 kcal; women exerting <270 kcal/week were scored positive for frailty.) 1 point | Detailed activity questionnaire assessing frequency and duration of walking and mild, moderate, and strenuous activities. Kcal of weekly energy expenditure was calculated (metabolic equivalent task hours core = kcal/wk x kg), and those in the lowest quartile were scored positive for frailty. 1 point | MDRD Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire components measuring number of times per week each individual completed walking, leisure time, vigorous and moderate activity. Converted to metabolic equivalents (kcal/week x kg) those in the lowest quartile will be scored positive for frailty. 1 point |
Unintentional weight loss | Self-reported weight loss > 10 pounds in previous year at baseline and measured weight loss > 4 % of body weight in prior year. 1 point | No measure was available at baseline. At follow-up, measured weight loss at Year 3 visit > 5 % and “yes” to question, “In the past two years, did you lose five or more pounds not on purpose at any time?” 1 point | No measure was available at baseline. At follow-up, measured weight loss at Year 1 visit > 5 % of standard body weight from B3 visit to a weight of 75-95 % of standard body weight and Question 9c/d from monthly exam related to weight change.1 point |
5 points | 5 points | 5 points | |
≥3 points = Frail | ≥3 points = Frail | ≥3 points = Frail | |
1–2 points = intermediate frail | 1–2 points = intermediate frail | 1–2 points = intermediate frail |