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Table 2 Prevalence ratios of poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7 % vs. ≤7 %)a

From: Correlates of poor glycemic control among patients with diabetes initiating hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease

Determinants

Unadjusted models

Model 1b

Model 2c

P-valued

Age (years)

  ≤ 57

1

1

1

 

 58–68

0.69 (0.64, 0.74)

0.70 (0.65. 0.75)

0.75 (0.70, 0.81)

<0.001

  ≥ 69

0.47 (0.43, 0.51)

0.48 (0.44, 0.53)

0.53 (0.48, 0.59)

<0.001

Male sex

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

0.96 (0.90, 1.03)

1.07 (0.99, 1.15)

0.06

Race/ethnicitye

 Native American

1.56 (1.30, 1.88)

1.41 (1.17, 1.71)

1.42 (1.17, 1.72)

<0.001

 Asian

0.89 (0.72, 1.10)

0.94 (0.76, 1.17)

0.97 (0.78, 1.21)

0.78

 Black

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1.01 (0.92, 1.10)

1.02 (0.93, 1.12)

0.64

 Pacific Islander

0.96 (0.63, 1.47)

0.87 (0.57, 1.33)

0.93 (0.61, 1.43)

0.75

 Other/Multiracial

0.82 (0.41, 1.64)

0.80 (0.40, 1.59)

0.75 (0.38, 1.50)

0.41

Hispanic ethnicity

1.29 (1.19, 1.40)

1.16 (1.05, 1.28)

1.14 (1.03, 1.26)

0.01

Median rent ($)

  ≤ 735

1

1

1

 

 736–959

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

0.92 (0.84, 1.01)

0.93 (0.85, 1.01)

0.10

  ≥ 960

0.94 (0.86, 1.02)

0.95 (0.86, 1.05)

0.98 (0.88, 1.08)

0.68

Median household income ($)

  < 38,629

1

1

1

 

 38,630–52,301

0.99 (0.91, 1.08)

1.12 (0.98, 1.28)

1.09 (0.98, 1.20)

0.11

  > 52,303

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

1.08 (0.98, 1.20)

1.11 (0.97, 1.27)

0.13

% below poverty

  < 12

1

1

1

 

 12–21

1.15 (1.05, 1.25)

1.07 (0.96, 1.19)

1.06 (0.95, 1.19)

0.28

  ≥ 21

1.22 (1.13, 1.33)

1.09 (0.94, 1.26)

1.09 (0.94, 1.27)

0.24

% unemployed

  < 5

1

1

1

 

 5–7

1.08 (0.99 1.18)

1.04 (0.96, 1.14)

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

0.39

  > 7

1.14 (1.05, 1.24)

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

1.06 (0.97, 1.17)

0.21

% with < high school education

  < 11.5

1

1

1

 

 11.5–19.5

1.06 (0.97, 1.15)

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

0.95 (0.86, 1.05)

0.29

  ≥ 19.5

1.20 (1.10, 1.30)

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.97 (0.87, 1.10)

0.66

Smoking (current)

1.13 (0.98, 1.30)

---

0.98 (0.85, 1.13)

0.81

BMI (kg/m2)

 19- < 25

1

---

1

 

 25–29

0.99 (0.91, 1.10)

---

1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

0.78

  ≥ 30

1.16 (1.06, 1.27)

---

1.10 (1.01, 1.21)

0.04

Platelet count (×103/μL)

  ≤ 207

1

---

1

 

 208–277

1.23 (1.13, 1.34)

---

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

0.04

  ≥ 278

1.41 (1.30, 1.53)

---

1.15 (1.05, 1.26)

0.003

White blood cell count (1000 per μL)

  < 6.3

1

---

1

 

 6.3–8.2

1.20 (1.10, 1.30)

---

1.11 (1.02, 1.21)

0.02

  > 8.2

1.33 (1.22, 1.44)

---

1.18 (1.08, 1.29)

<0.001

Ferritin (ng/mL)

  < 200

1

---

1

 

 200–399

1.04 (0.96, 1.14)

---

1.02 (0.93, 1.11)

0.67

  ≥ 400

1.25 (1.16, 1.36)

---

1.17 (1.08, 1.27)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

  ≤ 200

1

---

1

 

 201–239

1.42 (1.28, 1.59)

---

1.12 (0.97, 1.26)

0.13

  ≥ 240

1.65 (1.44, 1.89)

---

1.12 (1.01, 1.29)

0.04

HDL (mg/dL)

  ≤ 40

1

---

1

 

 40–59

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)

---

0.82 (0.73, 0.91)

<0.001

  ≥ 60

0.70 (0.63, 0.77)

---

0.68 (0.60, 0.76)

<0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

  ≤ 150

1

---

1

 

 150–199

1.14 (1.05, 1.25)

---

1.14 (1.05, 1.25)

0.004

  ≥ 200

1.51 (1.39, 1.63)

---

1.48 (1.35, 1.61)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

  < 120

1

---

1

 

 120–139

1.07 (0.94, 1.22)

---

1.02 (0.89, 1.16)

0.81

  ≥ 140

1.33 (1.18, 1.48)

---

1.12 (1.01, 1.26)

0.04

Albumin (g/dL)

  ≤ 3.5

1

---

1

 

 3.6–3.9

0.91 (0.84, 0.98)

---

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)

0.05

  ≥ 4.0

0.76 (0.69, 0.83)

---

0.76 (0.69, 0.84)

<0.001

Normalized protein catabolic rate (g/kg/d)

  < 0.8

1

---

1

 

 0.8–1.00

0.82 (0.75, 0.90)

---

0.82 (0.76, 0.90)

<0.001

  ≥ 1.01

0.84 (0.78, 0.91)

---

0.85 (0.79, 0.92)

<0.001

eGFR f (mL/min/1.73 m2)

  < 7

1

---

1

 

 7–10

1.25 (1.13, 1.38)

---

1.16 (1.04, 1.29)

0.009

  ≥ 10

1.10 (0.98, 1.22)

---

1.38 (1.25, 1.53)

<0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

  < 10

1

---

1

 

 10–11

1.17 (0.98, 1.38)

---

1.17 (0.99, 1.39)

0.18

  ≥ 11

1.40 (1.21, 1.61)

---

1.11 (0.99, 1.24)

0.09

  1. aIn 16,297 US adult patients with diabetes mellitus initiating maintenance hemodialysis at a DaVita outpatient facility
  2. bModel 1 included demographic and area-level socioeconomic variables
  3. cModel 2 was a multivariable model that included all demographic, area-level socioeconomic, and clinical and biometric variables
  4. d P values correspond to significance values for Model 2
  5. eCompared with white race as the reference category
  6. feGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
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BMC Nephrology

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