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Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted associations of clinical and laboratory characteristics with serum bicarbonate variability over time

From: Variability in monthly serum bicarbonate measures in hemodialysis patients: a cohort study

 

Overall

≤12 months

>12 months

 

Coefficient (95 % CI)

p

Coefficient (95 % CI)

p

Coefficient (95 % CI)

p

Age (per 10 years)

−0.03 (−0.04 to −0.01)

0.009

−0.03 (−0.05 to 0.00)

0.03

0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03)

0.9

Male

−0.04 (−0.09 to 0.02)

0.19

−0.09 (−0.16 to −0.01)

0.02

0.02 (−0.05 to 0.09)

0.65

Race/ethnicity

      

 White

−0.03 (−0.11 to 0.06)

0.53

−0.03 (−0.13 to 0.08)

0.64

−0.07 (−0.17 to 0.04)

0.22

 Hispanic/Other

−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03)

0.31

−0.04 (−0.11 to 0.03)

0.24

0.00 (−0.07 to 0.08)

0.9

BMI

      

 Overweight

0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07)

0.78

0.02 (−0.06 to 0.09)

0.65

0.02 (−0.05 to 0.10)

0.56

 Obese

−0.02 (−0.09 to 0.04)

0.52

−0.01 (−0.09 to 0.07)

0.83

−0.01 (−0.10 to 0.07)

0.77

Dialysis access

      

 AVG

0.06 (0.00 to 0.11)

0.04

0.01 (−0.06 to 0.09)

0.75

0.07 (0.00 to 0.14)

0.04

 Tunneled catheter

0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09)

0.15

0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07)

0.9

0.19 (0.09 to 0.28)

<0.001

Etiology of ESRD

      

 Diabetes

−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.04)

0.41

−0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04)

0.33

0.03 (−0.06 to 0.11)

0.54

 Other/Unknown

−0.06 (−0.14 to 0.01)

0.11

−0.08 (−0.18 to 0.01)

0.09

0.00 (−0.09 to 0.10)

0.9

Cardiovascular Disease

0.05 (−0.01 to 0.11)

0.13

0.06 (−0.02 to 0.13)

0.13

0.04 (−0.04 to 0.11)

0.32

Phosphate binder

      

 >6 pills/day acid precursor

−0.03 (−0.11 to 0.05)

0.50

0.05 (−0.07 to 0.17)

0.39

−0.09 (−0.21 to 0.04)

0.19

 >3–6 pills/day acid precursor

−0.05 (−0.12 to 0.03)

0.21

0.04 (−0.07 to 0.14)

0.50

−0.12 (−0.25 to 0.01)

0.06

 ≤3 pills/day acid precursor

−0.09 (−0.16 to −0.02)

0.01

−0.06 (−0.15 to 0.02)

0.16

−0.12 (−0.24 to 0.01)

0.07

 ≤3 pills/day base precursor

−0.04 (−0.11 to 0.02)

0.21

−0.02 (−0.10 to 0.06)

0.60

−0.06 (−0.18 to 0.06)

0.31

 >3–6 pills/day base precursor

−0.07 (−0.14 to 0.00)

0.07

0.00 (−0.10 to 0.09)

0.95

−0.14 (−0.26 to −0.01)

0.03

 >6 pills/day base precursor

−0.08 (−0.15 to 0.00)

0.04

−0.06 (−0.16 to 0.05)

0.30

−0.11 (−0.23 to 0.01)

0.07

Epoetin alpha dose (Units)

      

 ≤5000

0.05 (0.02 to 0.09)

0.005

−0.02 (−0.07 to 0.04)

0.57

0.10 (0.05 to 0.15)

<0.001

 >5000 – ≤10,000

0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07)

0.23

0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07)

0.81

0.03 (−0.04 to 0.09)

0.44

 ≥10,000

0.06 (0.00 to 0.12)

0.04

−0.02 (−0.10 to 0.06)

0.65

0.16 (0.07 to 0.25)

<0.001

Serum bicarbonate (mEq/L)

      

 <22

0.12 (0.09 to 0.15)

<0.001

0.17 (0.13 to 0.22)

<0.001

0.08 (0.03 to 0.12)

0.001

 >26

0.24 (0.18 to 0.29)

<0.001

0.23 (0.16 to 0.31)

<0.001

0.25 (0.18 to 0.32)

<0.001

Serum albumin (g/dL)

0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09)

0.25

0.07 (0.00 to 0.15)

0.04

−0.04 (−0.13 to 0.04)

0.32

nPCR (g/kg/day)

−0.42 (−0.73 to −0.10)

0.009

−0.23 (−0.80 to 0.33)

0.42

−0.46 (−0.84 to −0.07)

0.02

nPCR2 ((g/kg/day)2)

0.19 (0.04 to 0.34)

0.01

0.09 (−0.20 to 0.37)

0.55

0.21 (0.04 to 0.38)

0.02

spKt/V

0.04 (−0.02 to 0.10)

0.18

0.04 (−0.04 to 0.11)

0.35

0.04 (−0.04 to 0.12)

0.34

K+ (mEq/L)

−0.18 (−0.36 to 0.00)

0.05

−0.10 (−0.36 to 0.16)

0.47

−0.23 (−0.48 to 0.02)

0.07

K+2 ((mEq/L)2)

0.02 (0.00 to 0.04)

0.05

0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)

0.49

0.02 (0.00 to 0.05)

0.05

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

−0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01)

0.002

−0.04 (−0.05 to −0.02)

<0.001

0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02)

0.9

Calcium (mg/dL)

−0.34 (−0.57 to −0.12)

0.003

−0.48 (−0.74 to −0.22)

<0.001

−0.09 (−0.55 to 0.38)

0.71

Calcium2 ((mg/dL)2)

0.02 (0.01 to 0.03)

0.002

0.03 (0.01 to 0.04)

<0.001

0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)

0.65

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

0.09

0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01)

0.64

0.03 (0.01 to 0.04)

<0.001

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

0.03

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

0.19

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

0.11

WBC (103/mm3)

0.01 (0.00 to 0.01)

0.17

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

0.13

0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01)

0.79

IDW gain (kg)

      

 >1–3

0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07)

0.8

−0.03 (−0.12 to 0.05)

0.41

0.04 (−0.05 to 0.12)

0.38

 >3–7

0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09)

0.48

−0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06)

0.55

0.07 (−0.02 to 0.15)

0.15

Time (months)

      

 >3–6

−0.05 (−0.11 to 0.00)

0.04

−0.05 (−0.11 to 0.00)

0.06

….

 

 >6–12

−0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04)

<0.001

−0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04)

0.001

….

 

 >12–24

−0.12 (−0.18 to −0.07)

<0.001

….

 

ref

 

 >24

−0.14 (−0.20 to −0.07)

<0.001

….

 

0.00 (−0.04 to 0.04)

0.88

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval; BMI body-mass index; AVG arteriovenous graft; ESRD end-stage renal disease; nPCR normalized protein catabolic rate; spKt/V single-pool Kt/V; WBC white blood cells; IDW interdialytic weight gain
  2. Models included all variables listed in the Table. Reference categories are female for sex; Black for race/ethnicity; normal/underweight for BMI; arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for dialysis access; hypertension for etiology of ESRD; no binder use for phosphate binder; no epoetin alpha use for epoetin alpha dose; 22–26 mEq/L for serum bicarbonate; 0–1 kg for interdialytic weight gain; ≤3 months for time in the Overall and ≤12 months models, and >12–24 months in the >12 months model. Bold values indicate p<0.05.
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BMC Nephrology

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