Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline and after 13 years of follow up of the male participants with and without increase in serum uric acid (SUA). The 4^th (1994/95) and the 6^th (2007/08) Tromsø Study (n = 1270)

Age (years)

56 ± 9

58 ± 8

<0.001

69 ± 9

71 ± 8

<0.001

SUA (μmol/L)

373 ± 81

320 ± 62

<0.001

330 ± 61

403 ± 77

<0.001

Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

96 ± 12

95 ± 11

0.17

85 ± 14

78 ± 17

<0.001

Annual change in estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

-

-

-

−0.87 ± 0.71

−1.30 ± 0.93

<0.001

ACR (mg/mmol)

0.45 (0.33, 0.80)

0.52 (0.35, 0.86)

0.02

0.46 (0.22, 0.99)

0.60 (0.27, 1.49)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

139 ± 17

144 ± 19

<0.001

145 ± 21

148 ± 21

0.05

Hypertension, n (%)

464 (50)

216 (62)

<0.001

673 (73)

288 (82)

<0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

26.3 ± 3.0

25.9 ± 2.6

0.03

27.2 ± 3.5

27.4 ± 3.3

0.10

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

6.56 ± 1.19

6.50 ± 1.10

0.3

5.45 ± 1.16

5.40 ± 1.1

0.7

Current smokers, n (%)

239 (27)

112 (32)

0.03

144 (16)

36 (11)

0.04

Physical activity, n(%)

301 (33)

122 (35)

0.9

268 (29)

91 (32)

0.23

Antihypertensives incl. diuretics, n (%)

94 (10)

40 (11)

0.5

94 (10)

40 (11)

<0.001

Diuretics, n (%)

4 (0.3)

1 (0.3)

0.9

55 (6)

43 (13)

0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

14 (1.5)

5 (1.4)

0.9

116 (13)

43 (12)

0.9

Previous myocardial infarction and/or stroke, n(%)

66 (7)

21 (6)

0.5

-

-

-

Started antihypertensive treatment during the observation time, n (%)

279 (30)

158 (45)

<0.001

Stopped smoking during the observation time, n (%)

113 (12)

77 (22)

<0.001

Became physically active during the observation time, n (%)

126 (14)

41 (12)

0.4