Table 2 Characteristics of study population with and without GI symptoms

Mean age, years, mean (SD)

59.3 ± 10.7

57.3 ± 11.0

<0.001

Men (%)

61.1

48.2

<0.001

Race/Ethnicity

 White/Caucasian (%)

48.0

38.1

<0.001

 Black/African American (%)

38.4

44.8

 Hispanic (%)

9.1

13.9

 Other (%)

4.5

3.1

Diabetes mellitus (%)

44.2

52.4

<0.001

Myocardial Infarcation/Prior Revasc (%)

21.4

23.5

0.082

Peripheral Vascular Disease (%)

5.0

8.6

<0.001

Stroke (%)

7.9

11.8

<0.001

BMI, kg/m², mean (SD)

31.8 ± 7.3

32.6 ± 8.4

0.002

Serum creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD)

1.69 ± 0.52

1.79 ± 0.62

<0.001

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m², mean (SD)

44.2 ± 13.0

41.4 ± 13.7

<0.001

Albumin level, g/dL, mean (SD)

3.99 ± 0.44

3.90 ± 0.47

<0.001

Hypoalbuminemia (%)

10.2

15.5

<0.001

Dietary Protein Intake, g/kg/day, mean (SD)

0.84 ± 0.32

0.77 ± 0.29

<0.001

CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)

2.41 (1.01, 5.68)

2.82 (1.13, 7.08)

0.003

Urine albumin, g/24 h, median (IQR)

0.05 (0.01, 0.50)

0.09 (0.01, 0.64)

<0.001