Table 3 Comparison of simulated models for teaching PRB
From: Teaching percutaneous renal biopsy using unfixed human cadavers
Technique | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
Unfixed human cadavers (cost £3500 GBP/$5250 USD for 10 participants including tuition, catering, associated technical costs of providing course) | Clinical authenticity; Life-like ultrasound imaging; Authentic biopsy specimen; Normal anatomical variation | Relatively high cost; Specialist facilities needed to store cadaveric material |
Porcine kidney within turkey breast [10] (cost £13 GBP/$20 USD) | Low cost; Portable to peripheral sites; Near-authentic biopsy specimen | Technically challenging to create model; Limited clinical authenticity |
Cryopreserved porcine kidneys [15] (cost unknown) | Low cost; Portable to peripheral sites Near-authentic biopsy specimen | Limited clinical authenticity; Requires euthanised animals; Perfusion fluid leaks can limit model usability |
Synthetic torso with synthetic kidney [16] (cost £1300 GBP/$2000 USD per torso; £40-250 GBP/$60-375 USD per kidney) | Clinical authenticity; Portable to peripheral sites | Relatively high cost; Ongoing requirement for synthetic materials from commercial suppliers. |