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Table 3 Baseline characteristics

From: Excessive diagnostic testing in acute kidney injury

Variable

All AKI Stages (N=5731)

Stage 1 (N=4058)

Stage 2 (N=981)

Stage 3 (N=692)

Age (yr) – median (IQR)

64 (52–75)

64 (53–75)

62 (52–72)

64 (52–74)

Female sex (%)

49.6

49.7

54.1

42.6

Race (%)

  White

83.0

82.9

84.3

81.9

  Black

8.9

8.7

8.4

10.7

  Hispanic

5.3

5.6

4.6

4.7

  Other

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

Comorbidities (%)

  Malignancy

28.6

30.1

27.0

21.7

  Hypertension

26.3

29.4

22.8

13.3

  Diabetes Mellitus

18.6

20.1

16.0

13.6

  Congestive Heart Failure

18.1

19.4

15.2

15.0

  Chronic Pulmonary Disease

13.2

14.6

11.8

7.2

  Chronic Kidney Disease

11.2

11.4

6.6

16.6

  Chronic Liver Disease

4.5

3.9

4.8

7.7

Laboratory values on admission – median (IQR)

  Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.0 (0.8-1.5)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

1.1 (0.8-1.5)

1.9 (1.0-3.6)

  Hemoglobin, g/dL

11.1 (9.7-12.7)

11.2 (9.9-12.7)

11.1 (9.7-12.8)

10.3 (8.9-11.8)

  WBCs, 1000/μL

8.9 (6.3-12.8)

8.7 (6.3-12.4)

9.6 (6.5-14.1)

9.3 (5.9-14.3)

  Albumin, g/dL

3.5 (3.0-3.9)

3.6 (3.1-4.0)

3.4 (2.9-3.9)

3.2 (2.8-3.7)

  1. Stages 1, 2, and 3 refer to AKI severity according to the criteria established by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Work Group [12] as follows: stage 1, increase in serum creatinine 1.5 to 1.9 times baseline or absolute increase ≥0.3 mg/dl; stage 2, increase in serum creatinine 2.0 to 2.9 times baseline; stage 3, increase in serum creatinine ≥3.0 times baseline, or increase ≥0.5 mg/dl to an absolute level ≥4.0 mg/dl, or initiation of renal replacement therapy