Comparison between urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and urine protein dipstick testing for prevalence and ability to predict the risk for chronic kidney disease in the general population (Iwate-KENCO study): a prospective community-based cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics among CKD risk grades in the general population

	Total (n = 22,975)	eGFR + Dipstick			P values^a	eGFR + UACR			P values^a
	Total (n = 22,975)	Grade 1 (20,902)	Grade 2 (1,462)	Grade 3 & 4 (611)	P values^a	Grade 1 (16,376)	Grade 2 (5,630)	Grade 3 & 4 (969)	P values^a
Age_(year)	62.9 ± 10.0	62.2 ± 9.8	70.6 ± 8.7	69.7 ± 9.1	< 0.001	61.3 ± 9.8	66.3 ± 9.3	70.6 ± 8.4	< 0.001
Male	34.1 %	32.9 %	45.3 %	49.8 %	< 0.001	33.9 %	33.2 %	43.9 %	< 0.001
BMI_(kg/m²₎	24.0 ± 3.3	24.0 ± 3.2	24.3 ± 3.4	25.1 ± 3.6	< 0.001	23.8 ± 3.1	24.6 ± 3.5	25.0 ± 3.6	< 0.001
Hypertension	41.5 %	39.4 %	58.1 %	72.7 %	< 0.001	34.4 %	59.6 %	72.5 %	< 0.001
Diabetes Mellitus	6.6 %	6.1 %	8.9 %	19.0 %	< 0.001	4.9 %	9.9 %	16.1 %	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	16.4 %	16.2 %	18.0 %	18.8 %	0.052	15.7 %	17.7 %	20.3 %	0.052
Current Smoking	12.0 %	12.0 %	11.6 %	14.1 %	0.246	12.3 %	11.0 %	12.1 %	0.246
Atrial Fibrillation	1.4 %	1.1 %	3.8 %	5.7 %	< 0.001	0.8 %	2.6 %	5.2 %	< 0.001
UAC^b < 30	75.5 %	79.0 %	52.1 %	10.8 %	< 0.001	100 %	14.1 %	6.4 %	< 0.001
UAC 30-300	22.7 %	20.9 %	42.5 %	39.4 %		0 %	85.9 %	45.2 %
UAC > 300	1.8 %	0.1 %	5.4 %	49.8 %		0 %	0 %	48.4 %
Proteinuria (dip stick)
- Negative (−)	96.4 %	100 %	75.4 %	21.9 %	< 0.001	99.8 %	93.7 %	53.7 %	< 0.001
- Trace (+/−)	1.8 %	0	24.6 %	9.7 %		0.2 %	4.5 %	14.2 %
- Positive (≥ +)	1.8 %	0	0	68.4 %		0	1.8 %	32.1 %
eGFR_{(mL/min/1.73m}²₎	76.8 ± 10.1	78.5 ± 7.8	60.3 ± 10.8	58.8 ± 18.9	< 0.001	78.8 ± 7.9	74.2 ± 10.7	58.7 ± 16.2	< 0.001
Number of the Events
- AMI	145	109	22	15	< 0.001	75	51	20	< 0.001
- Stroke	563	455	65	42	< 0.001	286	215	61	< 0.001
- Composite event	708	564	87	57	< 0.001	361	266	81	< 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2369