Table 4 Changes of FMD, NO, ET-1, ACR, eGFR-Cr, and eGFR-Cys C throughout follow-up period

Change percentage of FMD (%)^a

0.93 (−3.10, 4.92)

4.18 (1.62, 6.14)

−0.20 (−2.94, 4.18)^*

−2.34 (−4.96, 1.58)^*,**

<0.001

2.37 (−1.46, 5.69)

0.69 (−3.05, 5.50)

−1.43 (−4.26, 3.27)^*,**

0.001

Change percentage of NO (%)^a

1.20 (−6.40, 8.80)

7.61 (2.60, 12.18)

−0.94 (−6.10, 6.08)^*

−5.45 (−10.00, 2.93)^*,**

<0.001

4.29 (−5.05, 11.58)

3.00 (−6.85, 8.80)^*

−2.01 (−7.45, 5.28)^*

0.002

Change percentage of ET-1 (%)^b

−0.85 ± 5.16

−3.03 ± 4.61

−0.75 ± 5.17^*

1.23 ± 4.82^*,**

<0.001

−2.06 ± 4.65

−0.97 ± 5.41

0.49 ± 5.16^*

0.006

Change percentage of ACR (%)^a

−2.09 (−6.11,2.55)

−6.43 (−8.91, −2.53)

−2.09 (−4.78, 0.24)^*

3.10 (−1.36, 6.28)^*,**

<0.001

−3.48 (−7.52, −0.50)

−2.09 (−6.06, 2.35)^*

−0.02 (−3.83, 5.83)^*,**

<0.001

Change percentage of eGFR-Cr (%)^b

2.73 ± 6.43

7.49 ± 5.94

1.94 ± 5.35^*

−1.24 ± 4.65^*,**

<0.001

3.74 ± 5.90

2.83 ± 6.24

1.61 ± 7.00

0.101

Change percentage of eGFR-Cys C (%)^b

2.35 ± 5.84

6.64 ± 5.37

1.66 ± 4.89^*

−1.25 ± 4.24^*,**

<0.001

3.26 ± 5.34

2.47 ± 5.66

1.32 ± 6.36

0.097