Table 1 Characteristics of end-stage renal disease cases and controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study

Age at enrollment, years^a

54.6 ± 9.0

54.6 ± 8.8

--

Sex, % women^a

54.8

55.4

--

Race, % black^a

86.3

86.9

--

Body mass index, kg/m²

31.8 ± 8.2

30.3 ± 7.2

<0.0001

Smoking status, %

0.13

 Current smoker

37.6

40.9

 Past smoker

26.6

24.3

 Never smoker

35.8

34.7

Education < high school, %

37.0

34.4

0.13

Household income < $15,000/year, %

68.5

59.7

<0.0001

History of hypertension, % yes

84.2

61.3

<0.0001

History of diabetes, % yes

63.9

23.0

<0.0001