Fig. 1

Reference standard criteria for adjudication of volume overload hospital admissions. Documented clinical assessment and physician impression criteria occurring within 24 h of admission were considered. Hospitalization events were adjudicated as volume overload admissions if either the clinical assessment criteria or physician assessment criteria for volume overload were met. Hospitalization events were adjudicated as non-volume overload admissions if they did not meet the physician impression criteria and did not meet the clinical criteria for volume overload