Fig. 3

Prevalence of volume overload admissions identified by administrative claims definitions. The claims-based volume overload definition numbers on the x-axis correspond to the following definitions: 1) fluid overload; 2) pulmonary edema; 3) heart failure; 4) fluid overload or pulmonary edema; 5) fluid overload or pleural effusion, 6) fluid overload or heart failure; and 7) fluid overload, pulmonary edema or heart failure. The total bar height (light gray portion + dark gray portion) represents the prevalence of volume overload admissions in the study cohort identified using the specified claims-based definitions. Panel a depicts prevalence estimates when claims-based definitions were constructed considering ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes in any position. Panel b depicts prevalence estimates when claims-based definitions were constructed considering discharge diagnosis codes in the primary position only. Panel c depicts prevalence estimates when claims-based definitions were constructed considering discharge diagnosis codes in the primary or leading secondary position. Abbreviations: ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision