Table 2 Summary – outcomes measured and applications of CQI by primary discipline, n (%). [N = 76 total studies; references below table]
From: Continuous quality improvement in nephrology: a systematic review
|  | ESRD (n = 46) | CKD (n = 19) | Transplant (n = 1) | AKI (n = 5) | Interventional (n = 4) | Other (n = 1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes | ||||||
 Baseline/one-time only | 13 (28%) | 6 (31%) |  | 1 (20%) |  | 1 (100%) |
 Pre/post outcome measures | 29 (63%) | 7 (37%) | 1 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 3 (75%) |  |
 Unclear or no outcomes measured | 4 (9%) | 5 (26%) |  |  | 1 (25%) |  |
Type(s) of outcome(s)a | ||||||
 Clinical | 34 (74%) | 9 (47%) | 1 (100%) | 3 (60%) | 2 (50%) |  |
 Cost/efficiency | 14 (30%) | 4 (21%) | 1 (100%) | 2 (40%) | 1 (25%) |  |
Explicit CQI technique(s) usedb | ||||||
 To identify problems | 33 (72%) | 15 (79%) | 1 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 2 (50%) |  |
 To identify/address solutions | 19 (41%) | 7 (36%) | 1 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 1 (25%) | 1 (100%) |
 Use of interdisciplinary teams | 28 (61%) | 12 (63%) | 1 (100%) | 2 (40%) | 3 (75%) |  |