Characteristics | End-of-life Inpatient Costs | Surgical Interventions | ICU | Mechanical Ventilation | Resuscitation | Dialysis | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exponentiated Coefficients | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratios | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratios | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratios | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratios | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratios | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
Patient | Age at death (in tens, '0) | 0.97 | (0.91–1.03) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.02) | 0.98 | (0.88–1.09) | 0.97 | (0.87–1.09) | 0.78** | (0.66–0.91) | 0.97 | (0.85–1.10) |
Sex (=female) | 1.00 | (0.91–1.11) | 1.05 | (0.87–1.28) | 1.02 | (0.83–1.24) | 1.03 | (0.85–1.25) | 0.89 | (0.70–1.13) | 1.07 | (0.86–1.32) | |
ESRD | 1.25*** | (1.12–1.40) | 1.23 | (1.00–1.53) | 1.74*** | (1.38–2.21) | 1.54*** | (1.24–1.90) | 1.97*** | (1.52–2.55) | 6.52*** | (5.22–8.15) | |
Insurable monthly earnings (=average and above) | 0.88 | (0.78–1.00) | 0.82 | (0.67–1.00) | 1.06 | (0.86–1.31) | 0.80* | (0.66–0.96) | 0.84 | (0.64–1.10) | 0.88 | (0.69–1.11) | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | 0.97 | (0.95–1.00) | 0.92*** | (0.87–0.96) | 0.84*** | (0.79–0.90) | 0.86*** | (0.81–0.91) | 0.86*** | (0.79–0.93) | 0.99 | (0.94–1.05) | |
Physician | Physician age (in tens, '0) | 0.90** | (0.83–0.97) | 0.81** | (0.71–0.92) | 0.85* | (0.73–0.99) | 0.96 | (0.82–1.11) | 0.98 | (0.83–1.16) | 0.89 | (0.77–1.02) |
Physician sex (=female) | 1.01 | (0.85–1.20) | 0.85 | (0.60–1.20) | 0.90 | (0.59–1.37) | 0.89 | (0.60–1.32) | 0.73 | (0.42–1.26) | 1.48 | (0.98–2.25) | |
Specialty of primary attending physician | |||||||||||||
 Nephrologist | 0.82** | (0.71–0.95) | 1.54*** | (1.23–1.93) | 0.87 | (0.66–1.14) | 0.84 | (0.65–1.09) | 1.03 | (0.75–1.43) | 1.73*** | (1.30–2.30) | |
 Family medicine | 0.39*** | (0.27–0.57) | 0.74 | (0.38–1.44) | 0.58 | (0.32–1.04) | 0.35*** | (0.19–0.62) | 0.77 | (0.37–1.59) | 0.56 | (0.31–1.02) | |
 Surgeon | 1.22* | (1.02–1.46) | 4.31*** | (3.20–5.83) | 1.30 | (0.94–1.78) | 1.01 | (0.77–1.31) | 1.20 | (0.76–1.90) | 1.19 | (0.89–1.58) | |
Facility | Primary hospital- accreditation level | ||||||||||||
 Medical Centers | 1.68*** | (1.30–2.15) | 2.01** | (1.27–3.19) | 0.93 | (0.65–1.33) | 0.93 | (0.63–1.36) | 0.65 | (0.40–1.08) | 1.51 | (0.95–2.40) | |
 Regional Hospitals | 1.23 | (0.96–1.56) | 1.83** | (1.17–2.87) | 1.18 | (0.85–1.62) | 0.99 | (0.71–1.38) | 0.88 | (0.54–1.41) | 1.18 | (0.76–1.84) | |
 Local Hospitals (Ref.) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Primary hospital- ownership (=private) | 1.11 | (0.99–1.26) | 1.03 | (0.83–1.28) | 1.10 | (0.89–1.35) | 1.12 | (0.90–1.40) | 0.79 | (0.61–1.04) | 1.05 | (0.83–1.32) | |
Teaching hospital | 0.80 | (0.61–1.06) | 1.24 | (0.74–2.08) | 0.93 | (0.63–1.38) | 0.71 | (0.48–1.05) | 0.74 | (0.43–1.26) | 0.62 | (0.38–1.03) | |
Region | Number of hospital in the region (in tens, '0) | 1.11 | (0.93–1.33) | 0.98 | (0.74–1.29) | 1.03 | (0.74–1.43) | 1.10 | (0.84–1.44) | 1.16 | (0.77–1.75) | 1.05 | (0.75–1.45) |
Number of beds in the region (in hundreds, '00) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 | (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 | (0.98–1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | |
Time Trend | Overall time trend (Year) | 1.07 | (0.98–1.16) | 1.12 | (0.98–1.28) | 0.92 | (0.80–1.06) | 0.97 | (0.86–1.10) | 1.06 | (0.88–1.26) | 1.00 | (0.85–1.16) |
Difference in trend post 2009 (=Year-2009, for year ≥ 2009) | 0.87* | (0.78–0.97) | 0.75** | (0.61–0.91) | 1.05 | (0.87–1.27) | 0.97 | (0.83–1.15) | 0.76* | (0.59–0.99) | 0.97 | (0.78–1.21) |