Indoxyl sulfate – the uremic toxin linking hemostatic system disturbances with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Table 2 Parameters of coagulation, fibrinolysis and endothelial function markers in healthy controls and CKD patients

	Factor	Controls	CKD	P value
Coagulation	TF [pg/ml]	112 (10 – 316)	270 (45 – 1355)	<0.0001
	F1 + 2 [nmol/ml]	1.04 (0.66 – 2)	3.42 (0.25 – 14.2)	<0.0001
	TFPI [ng/ml]	98.4 (62.2 – 165)	78.8 (40.4 – 194)	NS
Fibrinolysis	PAP [ng/ml]	216 (31 – 541)	466 (83.9 – 1735)	0.0085
	uPA [ng/ml]	0.4 (0.1 – 1.1)	1.15 (0.6 – 5)	<0.0001
	suPAR [ng/ml]	0.07 (0.07 – 0.2)	2.42 (0.6 – 6.8)	<0.0001
	tPA [ng/ml]	5.05 (2.8 – 8.9)	7.4 (2 – 70)	0.0096
	PAI-1 [ng/ml]	24.5 (13 – 79)	55.7 (12.5 – 96.7)	0.0002
Endothelial function	vWF [ng/ml]	74.6 ± 9.59	102 ± 13.4	<0.0001
	TM [ng/ml]	2.8 ± 1.11	10.1 ± 4.63	<0.0001
	sICAM-1 [ng/ml]	226 (128 – 286)	263 (143 – 763)	0.0009
	sVCAM-1 [ng/ml]	565 (240 – 986)	912 (288 – 3426)	0.0064

Data are shown as mean ± SD or median (range) depending on their normal or skewed distribution
Abbreviations: TF tissue factor, F1 + 2 prothrombin fragments 1 + 2, TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor, PAP plasmin-α2-antiplasmin, uPA urinary plasminogen activator, suPAR soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, vWF von Willebrand Factor, TM thrombomodulin, sICAM-1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, CKD chronic kidney disease, NS non-significant

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