|
Pre-operative
|
|
Age (years)
|
57.3 ± 9.4
|
59.3 ± 10.5
|
0.604
|
|
Gender: male
|
21 (87.5)
|
2122 (80.3)
|
0.345
|
|
Ethnicity
|
Chinese
|
14 (58.3)
|
1898 (71.8)
|
0.304
|
|
Malay
|
5 (20.8)
|
420 (15.9)
|
|
Indian
|
5 (20.8)
|
324 (12.3)
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
25.2 ± 5.1
|
25.0 ± 4.1
|
0.839
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
23 (95.8)
|
1182 (44.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
Hypertension
|
22 (91.7)
|
1976 (74.8)
|
0.058
|
|
Myocardial infarction
|
18 (75.0)
|
1541 (58.3)
|
0.099
|
|
Congestive cardiac failure
|
8 (33.3)
|
427 (16.2)
|
0.045
|
|
Renal impairment
|
15 (62.5)
|
210 (7.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Beta-blocker
|
21 (87.5)
|
1977 (75.0)
|
0.158
|
|
ACE-inhibitor
|
12 (50)
|
1288 (48.8)
|
0.910
|
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
10 (41.7)
|
511 (19.4)
|
0.016
|
|
Statin
|
24 (100.0)
|
2135 (81.1)
|
0.014
|
|
Diuretic
|
8 (33.3)
|
472 (17.9)
|
0.061
|
|
Ejection fraction (<30%)
|
22 (91.7)
|
2440 (93.0)
|
0.683
|
|
Pre-operative creatinine (μmol/L)
|
235 ± 127
|
89 ± 36
|
<0.001
|
|
Pre-operative eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
|
36.3 ± 25.1
|
81.4 ± 21.1
|
<0.001
|
|
Pre-operative haemoglobin (g/dL)
|
11.2 ± 1.7
|
13.6 ± 1.7
|
<0.001
|
|
EuroSCORE logistic
|
6.9 ± 9.0
|
3.5 ± 4.5
|
0.086
|
|
Surgical variables
|
|
IABP
|
4 (16.7)
|
245 (9.3)
|
0.276
|
|
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)
|
103 ± 43
|
113 ± 49
|
0.325
|
|
Aortic cross clamp time (min)
|
61 ± 25
|
67 ± 37
|
0.424
|
|
Inotrope use
|
21 (87.5)
|
1631 (62.3)
|
0.011
|
|
Hemodilution
|
|
Prebypass haematocrit (%)
|
31.5 ± 4.9
|
37.9 ± 4.8
|
<0.001
|
|
Lowest hematocrit during bypass (%)
|
21.5 ± 3.1
|
24.4 ± 4.0
|
<0.001
|
|
RBC transfusion
|
13 (54.2)
|
733 (27.7)
|
0.004
|
|
Intensive care variables
|
|
Inotrope use
|
13 (54.2)
|
1215 (46.0)
|
0.426
|
|
New need for dialysis
|
5 (20.8)
|
54 (2.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Lowest haemoglobin in 1st 24 h (g/dL)
|
8.4 ± 1.4
|
9.7 ± 1.6
|
<0.001
|
|
RBC transfusion
|
15 (62.5)
|
995 (37.7)
|
0.013
|
|
Total length of hospitalization (days)
|
14.7 ± 10.5
|
10.9 ± 10.6
|
0.083
|
|
Outcomes
|
|
Acute kidney injury
|
18 (75.0)
|
759 (28.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
5-year mortality
|
6 (25.0)
|
122 (4.6)
|
0.001
|
