Performance of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, clusterin, and cystatin C in predicting diabetic kidney disease and diabetic microalbuminuria: a consecutive cohort study

Table 3 Urinary biomarkers in control subjects, T2DM and DKD patients with normoalbuminuria

	Control Subjects (n = 30)	T2DM patients with UACR <30 mg/g•cr (n = 64)	DKD patients with UACR <30 mg/g•cr (n = 12)
uNGAL (ng/ml)	13.2 (11.0, 16.0)	19.5 (13.0, 41.0)*	40.5 (36.5, 69.5) **
uCLU (ng/ml)	228.4 (157.3, 301.7)	194.3 (132.5, 398.5)	243.1 (142.3, 372.1)^#
uCysC (ng/ml)	0.18 (0.12, 0.19)	0.24 (0.17, 0.36)^§	0.50 (0.36, 0.76) ^§§
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m²)	92.3 (85.6, 94.3)	90.1 (85.1, 96.2)	53.0 (49.0, 55.3)^¶

T2DM type 2 diabetic mellitus; DKD diabetic kidney disease; UACR urinary albumin creatinine ratio; uNGAL urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; uCLU urinary clusterin; uCysC urinary Cystatin C. *p = 0.000 compared with Health Subjects, **p = 0.002 compared with T2DM patients with UACR < 30 mg/g•cr, ^# p = 0.556 compared among groups, ^§ p = 0.000 compared with Health Subjects, ^§§ p = 0.000 compared with T2DM patients with UACR < 30 mg/g•cr, ^¶ p = 0.000 compared among groups

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