Table 1 Description of studies and measures on provision of primary care in dialysis patients
Author, Year | Research Question | Study Design | Setting/Location | Units of Observation | Outcome Categories |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wells, 1986 [16] | Practices of subspecialists and general internists in counseling about smoking and exercise | Physician survey | Internal Medicine Physicians, US, 1981 | Physicians • nephrologists • primary care • trained generalists | • Time to deliver PC • Provision of various PC, by provider type |
Nespor and Holley, 1992 [20] | Reliance on nephrology for health maintenance, management of non-renal chronic illness | Patient survey | Dialysis unit, US-Pittsburgh, PA | • Dialysis units, n = 1 • Dialysis patients, n = 74 | • Has a PCP • Receipt of various PC, by provider type |
Holley and Nespor, 1993 [19] | Reliance on and provision of general health care: in-center hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis patients | Patient survey | Dialysis unit, US | • Dialysis units, n = 1 • Dialysis patients, n = 118 | • Has/uses a PCP • Reliance of various PC, by provider type • Receipt of various PC, by provider type |
Bender and Holley, 1996 [14] | Nephrologist PC practice patterns | Physician survey | Nephrologists, American Society of Nephrology, 1993 | Practicing nephrologists, n = 233 | • Patients have/use PCP • Provision of various PC • Time to deliver PC • Confidence in ability to provide PC |
Alexander et al., 1998 [25] | Exploring experience obtaining medical care among dialysis patients | Patient interviews | Dialysis units in US-Northeast Ohio, Southeast Michigan, 1996–1997 | • Dialysis units, n = 4 • Dialysis patients, n = 148 | • Receipt of various PC, by provider type • Quality of overall medical care/satisfaction |
Rodgers et al., 2000 [27] | Quality improvement effort to improve immunization rates | Quasi-experimental intervention | Dialysis units, in US-Nevada and Utah, 1998 | • Dialysis units, n = 159 • Dialysis patients, n = 7004 | • Receipt of vaccination |
Winkelmayer, 2002 [24] | Use of preventive health care in patients before and after onset of dialysis | Retrospective cohort study (claims) | Medicare/Medicaid patients in US-New Jersey, 1990–1996 | Dialysis patients, n = 1184 | Receipt of PC preventive screening |
Gilbertson et al., 2003 [21] | Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in dialysis patients | Retrospective cohort study (registry, claims) | Medicare, US, 1997–1999 | Medicare dialysis patients, n = 125,500 | Receipt of vaccination |
Zimmerman, 2003 [17] | Opinions of nephrologists, family physicians and dialysis patients, concerning PC delivery to dialysis patients | Patient survey Provider surveys | Canada Physicians: national sample Patients: Toronto, Ottawa, Vancouver | • Nephrologists from Nephrology Society, n = 196 • Family Practitioners from random sample of urban practices, n = 167 • Patients from urban dialysis clinics, n = 147 | • Time to deliver PC • Confidence in ability to provide PC • Opinions of who should provide PC • Written reports/updates to PCP • Provision of various PC, by provider type • Have/use PCP • Receipt of various PC, by provider type |
Shah et al., 2005 [23] | Dialysis patient reliance on nephrologists for PC | Retrospective cohort study (Patient survey, chart review) | Dialysis unit, US, 1999–2001 | • Dialysis units, n = 1 • Dialysis patients, n = 158 | Has/use a PC |
Claxton et al., 2010 [18] | Management of dialysis patient symptoms | Patient survey | Dialysis unit, 2007 | • Dialysis units, n = 1 • Dialysis patients, n = 62 | Receipt of various PC, by provider type |
Duval, 2011 [26] | Effectiveness of intervention to increase vaccination rates | Quasi-experimental intervention | Dialysis units in US-Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, 2009–2010 | • Dialysis units, n = 275 • Dialysis patients, n = 14,938 | Receipt of vaccination (pre-intervention) |
Green, 2012 [15] | Provider perceptions and practice patterns of symptom management and treatment | Provider survey | Dialysis units in Mid-Atlantic US; 2010 | • Dialysis units, n = 9 • Nephrologists, n = 20 • Physician Assistants, n = 5 • Nurse Practitioners, n = 2 | • Time to deliver PC • Opinions of who should provide PC • Provision of PC |
McGrath et al., 2012 [22] | Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in dialysis patients | Retrospective cohort study (registry and claims) | Medicare, US, 1997–2001 | Medicare dialysis patients, n = 464,317 | Receipt of vaccination |