Table 1 Charateristics of included studies in the meta-analysis

Sprague 2003 [27]

HD

Ca 2.25 (2.25) mmol/LP 1.91 (1.87) mmol/LPTH 68.7 (71.6) pmol/L

calcium carbonate calcium acetate

Initial dose 0.04 μg/kg and increment of 0.04 μg/kg every 4 weeks. Maximum dose was 0.24 μg.

Initial dose 0.01 μg/kg and increment of 0.01 μg/kg every 4 weeks. Maximum dose was 0.06 μg.

IV

1,2,3,4

Gafor 2009 [26]

HD

Ca 2.29 (2.30) mmol/LP 1.58 (1.65) mmol/LPTH 136.8 (128.1) pmol/L

calcium-containing

Initial dose 0.04 μg/kg and increment of 0.04 μg/kg every 3 weeks.

Initial dose 0.01 μg/kg and increment of 0.01 μg/kg every 3 weeks.

IV

5,6,7

Lund 2010 [25]

HD

Ca 2.17 (2.22) mmol/LP 1.58 (1.71) mmol/LPTH 17.2 (14.6) pmol/L

Sevelamer HCL

Initial dose 0.06 μg/kg

Initial dose 0.02 μg/kg

IV

6,7

Hansen 2011 [24]

HD

Ca 1.15 (1.16) mmol/L^aP 1.46 (1.48) mmol/LPTH 57.0 (60.0) pmol/L

calcium-containing sevelamer Lanthanum

Initial dose 9 μg/week, The median (range) final doses for the last 4 weeks: 18.1 μg/week (6.8–60.0 μg/week)

Initial dose 3 μg/week, The median (range) final doses for the last 4 weeks: 5.3 μg/week (0.0–33.0 μg/week)

IV

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Ong 2013 [23]

HD

Ca 2.17 (2.12) mmol/LP 1.87 (1.72) mmol/LPTH 52.5 (59.2) pmol/L

calcium carbonate

Initial dose:(iPTH/12.7)μg, The mean maximal dose 29.6 μg; The mean weekly dose 20.9 μg

Initial dose:(iPTH/38.1)μg, The mean maximal dose 9.9 μg; The mean weekly dose 7.1 μg

PO

1,2,4,6,7

Jamaluddin 2014 [22]

PD

Ca 2.24 (2.25) mmol/LP 1.65 (2.02) mmol/LPTH 85.7 (98.9) pmol/L

calcium carbonate

Initial dose = iPTH/7 every other day up to a maximum initial dose of 32 μg.

Initial dose 5 μg daily.

PO

1,2

Akizawa 2015 [21]

HD

Ca 2.28 (2.28) mmol/LP 1.68 (1.69) mmol/LPTH 55.5 (55.9) pmol/L

calcium-containing;non-Ca containing

Initial dose 2 μg, adjusted ±1 μg based on protocol-specified criteria up to a maximum of 7 μg.

Initial dose 5 μg (iPTH < 53 pmol/L) or 10 μg(iPTH > 53 pmol/L) adjusted ±2.5 μg based on protocol-specified criteria up to a maximum of 20 μg.

IV

1,2,3

Veceric 2016 [28]

HD

Ca 2.23 (2.04) mmol/L

P 1.56 (1.54) mmol/L

PTH 63.8 (66.0) pmol/L

non-Ca containing

Initial dose 2 μg; three times per week.

Initial dose 0.5 μg; three times per week.

PO