Patient’s and physician’s awareness of kidney disease in coronary heart disease patients – a cross-sectional analysis of the German subset of the EUROASPIRE IV survey

Table 2 Determinants of physician’s awareness of kidney disease^a at the EUROASPIRE IV index hospital stay (logistic regression)

	Univariable		Multivariable^b
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Patient’s age (index) [per year]	1.06 (1.01; 1.11)	<0.01	0.98 (0.92;1.04)	0.56
Patient’s sex [male vs. female]	1.10 (0.44; 2.72)	0.84	–	–
Length of hospital stay [log(d)]	1.58 (1.15; 2.18)	<0.01	1.25 (0.83; 1.89)	0.29
Therapy (max.) [vs. no intervention)]		0.10	–	–
PCI/stent vs. conservative
CABG vs. conservative	0.49 (0.21; 1.12)
	1.07 (0.39; 2.96)
AMI during hospital stay	1.49 (0.76; 2.94)	0.24	–	–
Index hospital stay as primary CHD event [yes vs. no]	0.32 (0.14; 0.75)	<0.01	0.38 (0.14; 1.00)	0.05
History of CHF^c	1.12 (0.56; 2.21)	0.76	–	–
Cardiovascular risk factors
Diabetes^d (index)	2.57 (1.30; 5.07)	<0.01	1.85 (0.77; 4.44)	0.17
Hypertension^d (index)	2.12 (0.63; 7.09)	0.22	–	–
Hyperlipidemia^d (index)	2.21 (0.95; 5.17)	0.07	–	–
Smoking (index)^d	0.35 (0.10; 1.16)	0.08	–	–
Obesity^e (index)	2.23 (1.11; 4.48)	0.02	1.34 (0.58; 3.11)	0.49
Kidney function
eGFR at discharge [per ml/min/1.73m²]	0.93 (0.91; 0.95)	<0.001	0.92 (0.89; 0.94)	<0.001
AKI-stages [vs.no AKI]^f		<0.001		<0.001
Stage 1 [vs. no AKI]	1.51 (0.59; 3.85)		0.38 (0.12; 1.22)
Stage 2/3 [vs. no AKI]	54.7 (10.8; 277.7)		92.7 (10.1; 847.9)

Data are odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value
Abbreviations: CHD coronary heart disease, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease
^aCKD and or AKI explicitly mentioned (diagnoses, summary) in the discharge letter of the index hospital stay; analyses based on n = 474 patients in whom data on the kidney module were available (see Methods)
^bMultivariable model of backward selection, included are variables with significant (p < 0.05) association in univariable analysis; p for exclusion 0.05; non-significant associations displayed italic with OR (95% CI) and p-value when variable left the model. Order of exclusion: (1) age; (2) obesity; (3) length of hospital stay; (4) diabetes
^cKnown at hospital admission or echocardiographic findings of cardiac dysfunction
^dKnown at hospital admission or stated in discharge letter
^eBody mass index ≥30 kg/m² at hospital admission or stated in discharge letter
^fSCr increase of ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 h or SCr-increase of 1.5–1.99× baseline SCr within 7 days (stage 1), SCr-increase of 2.0–2.9× baseline SCr (stage 2) and SCr-increase ≥3.0× baseline or SCr >4 mg/dl or dialysis (stage 3)

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