Table 1 Characteristics of sugarcane plantation workers according to workspace in Mbandjock, Centre Region, Cameroon, 2016
From: Chronic kidney disease in sugarcane workers in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Total, n (%) N = 204 | Office, n (%) N = 23 | Factory, n (%) N = 57 | Field, n (%) N = 124 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | <0.001 | ||||
Male | 153 (75.0) | 17 (73.9) | 55 (96.5) | 81 (65.3) | |
Female | 51 (25.0) | 6 (26.1) | 2 (3.6) | 43 (34.7) | |
Mean age (years) | 38.8 ± 9.8 | 40.6 ± 11.5 | 37.9 ± 9.1 | 38.9 ± 9.8 | 0.534 |
Contract-type | <0.001 | ||||
CDI | 38 (18.6) | 9 (39.1) | 15 (26.3) | 14 (11.3) | |
CDD | 16 (7.8) | 4 (17.4) | 8 (14.0) | 4 (3.2) | |
CDC | 150 (73.5) | 10 (43.5) | 34 (59.6) | 106 (85.5) | |
Median duration of employment (years) | 10.0 ± 7.8 | 12.0 ± 9.0 | 10.0 ± 7.3 | 9.0 ± 7.8 | 0.257 |
Socio-economic status | 0.005 | ||||
Low | 83 (40.7) | 8 (34.8) | 18 (31.6) | 57 (46.0) | |
Middle | 103 (50.5) | 9 (39.1) | 32 (56.1) | 62 (50.0) | |
High | 18 (8.8) | 6 (26.1) | 7 (12.3) | 5 (4.0) | |
Exposure to: | |||||
Agrochemicals | 48 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.5) | 46 (37.1) | <0.001 |
Heavy metals | 7 (3.4) | 1 (4.3) | 6 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
Heat | 130 (63.7) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (15.8) | 121 (97.6) | <0.001 |
Alcohol use | 167 (81.9) | 20 (87.0) | 53 (93.0) | 96 (77.4) | 0.031 |
Chronic use of NSAIDs | 134 (65.7) | 13 (56.5) | 39 (68.4) | 82 (66.1) | 0.589 |
Chronic use of herbal medicines | 132 (64.7) | 15 (65.2) | 41 (71.9) | 76 (61.3) | 0.379 |
Family history of CKD | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.274 |
Obesity and overweight | 64 (31.4) | 11 (47.8) | 15 (26.3) | 38 (30.6) | 0.165 |
Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.7 | 24.6 ± 4.4 | 23.5 ± 3.1 | 23.8 ± 3.8 | 0.516 |
Tobacco use | 31 (15.2) | 2 (8.7) | 8 (14.0) | 21 (16.9) | 0.576 |
Hypertension | 20 (9.8) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (5.3) | 13 (10.5) | 0.236 |
Mean SBPa (mmHg) | 132.6 ± 15.2 | 137.1 ± 21.7 | 128.8 ± 13.4 | 133.4 ± 14.3 | 0.052 |
Mean DBPa (mmHg) | 79.6 ± 10.1 | 83.2 ± 13.5 | 78.6 ± 9.0 | 79.4 ± 9.9 | 0.171 |
Diabetes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Mean FBSa (mg/dL) | 90.3 ± 13.5 | 90.5 ± 11.9 | 94.2 ± 14.3 | 88.5 ± 13.6 | 0.458 |
Mean RBSa (mg/dL) | 107.8 ± 20.3 | 111.5 ± 15.2 | 102.1 ± 16.5 | 109.8 ± 22.2 | 0.084 |
Mean serum creatininea (mg/L) | 10.9 ± 1.6 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
Mean eGFRa (ml/min) | 109.6 ± 20.5 | 110.3 ± 21.9 | 107.9 ± 16.5 | 110.3 ± 21.9 | 0.760 |