Fig. 1

Levels of 24-hUur according to gender, CKD, hypertension, and albuminuria status. Levels of 24-h Uur were compared among different groups in gender (a), CKD stages (b), hypertension status (c), and albuminuria status (d) using a multivariate analysis. Males had higher 24-h Uur than females (a). Compared with stage 1 CKD group, 24-h Uur decreased in stage 3–5 CKD groups (b). The level of 24-h Uur was lower in stage 1 and 3 hypertension group than that in normo-tension group (c). Furthermore, participants in the macro-albuminuria group had significantly lower 24-h Uur compared with those in the normo-albuminuria group (d). a 24-h Uur in female and male; (b) 24-h Uur in CKD stage1–5; (c) 24-h Uur in H0: normo-tension; H1:stage 1 hypertension; H2: stage 2 hypertension; H3: stage 3 hypertension; (d) 24-h Uur in A1: UACR< 3 mg/mmol, normo-albuminuria; A2: 3 ≤ UACR≤30 mg/mmol, microalbuminuria; A3: UACR> 30 mg/mmol, macro-albuminuria. Error bars represent the standard deviation values. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. female, CKD1, H0, A1 respectively. Abbreviations: 24-h Uur, 24-h urinary uric acid excretion; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease