Table 3 Binary and Multiple logistic regression of factors associated with PEW among CKD study participants
Protein energy Wasting (PEW) | Crude Logistic regression | Adjusted Logistic regression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable n(%†) | cOR | 95%CI | p-value | aOR | 95%CI | p-value | ||
For CKD patients (N = 93) | negative (n = 49) | positive (n = 44) | ||||||
CKD stages | ||||||||
1st | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 1.00 | |||||
2nd | 10 (76.9) | 3 (23.1) | 0.55 | 0.11–2.80 | 0.47 | |||
3rd | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 2.98 | 0.79–11.25 | 0.11 | |||
4th | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 6.42 | 1.00–41.2 | 0.05 | |||
5th | 18 (54.5) | 15 (45.5) | 1.53 | 0.46–5.11 | 0.49 | |||
age in yrs | ||||||||
> 34 | 35 (59.3) | 24 (40.7) | 1.00 | |||||
25–34 | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | 1.33 | 0.49–3.61 | 0.58 | |||
18–24 | 3 (23.1) | 10 (76.9) | 4.86 | 1.21–19.53 | 0.026 | |||
Gender | ||||||||
Males | 20 (50.0) | 20 (50.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Females | 29 (54.7) | 24 (45.3) | 0.83 | 0.36–1.89 | 0.65 | |||
Religion | ||||||||
Protestant | 18 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Catholic | 16 (43.2) | 21 (56.8) | 2.63 | 0.94–7.36 | 0.07 | 3.38 | 1.01–11.27 | 0.048 |
Muslim | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | 1.33 | 0.36–4.93 | 0.67 | 2.83 | 0.60–13.33 | 0.19 |
Pentecostal | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 2.00 | 0.11–35.81 | 0.64 | 2.80 | 0.05–148.9 | 0.61 |
Education | ||||||||
None | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 1.00 | |||||
Primary | 21 (55.3) | 17 (44.7) | 1.42 | 0.35–5.66 | 0.62 | |||
Secondary | 13 (44.8) | 16 (55.2) | 2.15 | 0.52–9.00 | 0.29 | |||
high school | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 2.63 | 0.30–23.0 | 0.38 | |||
Tertiary | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 1.17 | 0.20–6.80 | 0.86 | |||
Occupation | ||||||||
Unemployed | 23 (45.1) | 28 (54.9) | 1.00 | |||||
employed-salary earner | 14 (73.7) | 5 (26.3) | 0.29 | 0.09–0.94 | 0.038 | |||
self-employed | 12 (52.2) | 11 (47.8) | 0.75 | 0.28–2.02 | 0.57 | |||
marital status | ||||||||
Married | 14 (82.3) | 3 (17.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Cohabiting | 17 (56.7) | 13 (43.3) | 3.6 | 0.84–15.08 | 0.08 | 2.37 | 0.45–12.40 | 0.31 |
Separated | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 1.56 | 0.12–20.6 | 0.34 | 1.8 | 0.09–34.54 | 0.70 |
Widowed | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | 18.67 | 1.50–232.29 | 0.023 | 8.26 | 0.46–147.81 | 0.15 |
Single | 14 (37.8) | 23 (62.2) | 7.67 | 1.87–31.49 | 0.005 | 6.20 | 1.24–31.15 | 0.027 |
Diabetes | ||||||||
No | 44 (52.4) | 40 (47.6) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0.88 | 0.22–3.51 | 0.86 | |||
Hypertension | ||||||||
No | 25 (52.1) | 23 (47.9) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 24 (53.3) | 21 (46.7) | 0.95 | 0.42–2.15 | 0.90 | |||
urologic disease | ||||||||
No | 45 (54.2) | 58 (45.8) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 1.78 | 0.47–6.76 | 0.40 | |||
Hb in g/dl | ||||||||
11.50–18.0 | 35 (62.5) | 21 (37.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
< 11.5 | 14 (37.8) | 23 (62.2) | 3.0 | 1.27–7.08 | 0.012 | 2.85 | 1.00–8.44 | 0.05 |
CRP in mg/dl | ||||||||
≤ 2.99 | 22 (57.9) | 16 (42.1) | 1.00 | |||||
> 2.99 | 27 (49.1) | 28 (50.9) | 1.43 | 0.62–3.28 | 0.40 | |||
HIV | ||||||||
No | 46 (55.4) | 37 (44.6) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 2.9 | 0.70–12.0 | 0.14 | |||
LDL in mg/dl | ||||||||
≤ 160 mg/dl | 37 (61.7) | 23 (38.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
> 160 mg/dl | 11 (35.5) | 20 (64.5) | 2.92 | 1.19–7.20 | 0.02 | 3.06 | 0.95–9.92 | 0.062 |
HDL in mg/dl | ||||||||
< 40 mg/dl | 24 (52.2) | 22 (47.8) | 1.00 | |||||
≥ 400 mg/dl | 25 (53.2) | 22 (46.8) | 0.96 | 0.43–2.17 | 0.92 | |||