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Table 4 The relationship between LVH and household income level

From: The association between socioeconomic disparities and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease: results from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate (model 3)

Multivariate (model 4)

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Age

 50–59

reference

reference

reference

 

 60–69

1.575 (1.218–2.036)

0.001

1.409 (1.067–1.861)

0.016

1.444 (1.091–1.913)

0.01

  ≥ 70

2.468 (1.764–3.453)

< 0.001

2.255 (1.561–3.260)

< 0.001

2.318 (1.601–3.356)

< 0.001

Sex (vs. men)

1.797 (1.419–2.275)

< 0.001

2.027 (1.559–2.635)

< 0.001

2.044 (1.569–2.664)

< 0.001

BMI (reference ≤ 23.0)

2.254 (1.707–2.976)

< 0.001

2.438 (1.813–3.278)

< 0.001

2.496 (1.849–3.369)

< 0.001

MAP

1.018 (1.010–1.027)

< 0.001

1.017 (1.008–1.027)

< 0.001

1.018 (1.009–1.028)

< 0.001

DM

1.598 (1.266–2.017)

< 0.001

1.212 (0.837–1.568)

0.143

1.159 (0.890–1.510)

0.275

CKD stage

 1

reference

reference

reference

 

 2

1.409 (0.794–2.500)

0.241

1.443 (0.798–2.611)

0.225

1.346 (0.739–2.451)

0.332

 3a

1.297 (0.735–2.291)

0.369

1.254 (0.693–2.270)

0.454

1.178 (0.646–2.148)

0.592

 3b

1.983 (1.157–3.400)

0.013

1.770 (1.008–3.108)

0.047

1.599 (0.898–2.847)

0.111

 4

3.185 (1.878–5.401)

< 0.001

2.945 (1.689–5.136)

< 0.001

2.527 (1.399–4.565)

0.002

 5

3.680 (1.969–6.877)

< 0.001

3.034 (1.572–5.856)

0.001

2.525 (1.252–5.091)

0.01

Physical activity

 Low

0.942 (0.688–1.290)

0.711

0.791 (0.565–1.109)

0.174

0.819 (0.582–1.152)

0.251

 Moderate

1.108 (0.812–1.511)

0.518

0.747 (0.532–1.409)

0.092

0.762 (0.540–1.076)

0.122

 High

reference

reference

reference

 

Anemia

1.790 (1.414–2.266)

< 0.001

  

1.240 (0.920–1.672)

0.158

Income level

  > $ 4500

reference

reference

reference

 

 $ 1500-4500

1.440 (1.035–2.003)

0.03

1.230 (0.866–1.748)

0.247

1.174 (0.825–1.672)

0.373

  < $ 1500

2.122 (1.491–3.018)

< 0.001

1.471 (1.002–2.158)

0.049

1.415 (0.962–2.081)

0.078

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidential interval, vs., versus, BMI body mass index, MAP mean arterial pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, CKD Chronic kidney disease;
  2. Model 3: age, sex, BMI, MAP, DM, CKD stage, physical activity, income level, P for trend according to income level = 0.045, P for Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test = 0.381
  3. Model 4: age, sex, BMI, MAP, DM, CKD stage, physical activity, anemia, income level, P for trend according to income level = 0.06, P for Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test = 0.111
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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