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Table 3 Bivariate analysis the effects of personal factors and dietary intake on metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome

From: Inadequate dietary energy intake associates with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different groups of hemodialysis patients: a clinical observational study in multiple dialysis centers

 

Metabolic abnormalities

AACE-MetS a

HMetS b

IFG

Overweight/Obese

Elevated WC

High TG

Low HDL-C

High BP

  

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age, years

1.03 (1.00, 1.05)*

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.03 (1.01, 1.06)*

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

Male gender

1.18 (0.67, 2.07)

1.85 (1.03, 3.33)*

0.32 (0.17, 0.59)***

1.20 (0.68, 2.10)

1.25 (0.72, 2.18)

1.69 (0.86, 3.34)

1.13 (0.65, 1.99)

1.18 (0.69, 2.04)

Hemodialysis vintage, years

0.91 (0.86, 0.97)***

0.92 (0.86, 0.98)*

0.97 (0.91, 1.03)

0.94 (0.89, 0.99)*

0.95 (0.90, 0.99)*

1.01 (0.95, 1.09)

0.90 (0.85, 0.96)***

0.94 (0.89, 0.99)*

CCI

1.38 (1.14, 1.67)***

1.21 (1.01, 1.45)*

1.07 (0.88, 1.29)

1.11 (0.94, 1.33)

1.14 (0.95, 1.36)

1.12 (0.89, 1.39)

1.44 (1.19, 1.74)***

1.28 (1.07, 1.53)**

Physical activity, (10% MET increment)

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

0.99 (0.90, 1.08)

0.92 (0.83, 1.02)

0.96 (0.87, 1.05)

0.93 (0.85, 1.03)

1.07 (0.95, 1.20)

1.06 (0.97, 1.17)

0.99 (0.91, 1.09)

hs-CRP > 0.5 mg/dL

1.45 (0.78, 2.70)

1.63 (0.90, 2.93)

1.37 (0.72, 2.58)

1.16 (0.64, 2.08)

1.36 (0.75, 2.49)

0.66 (0.33, 1.35)

1.20 (0.66, 2.19)

1.41 (0.79, 2.53)

IDWG, %

1.21 (1.03, 1.43)*

1.00 (0.85, 1.16)

1.10 (0.93, 1.31)

1.12 (0.96, 1.32)

1.13 (0.97, 1.32)

1.05 (0.87, 1.28)

1.22 (1.04, 1.43)*

1.24 (1.06, 1.46)**

Dietary intake

Inadequate EI

2.50 (1.43, 4.37)***

6.10 (3.10, 11.99)***

6.20 (2.78, 13.84)***

1.90 (1.09, 3.34)*

1.83 (1.06, 3.15)*

1.05 (0.53, 2.08)

2.34 (1.35, 4.08)**

3.24 (1.86, 5.63)***

Protein < 1.2 g/kg IBW

1.20 (0.69, 2.08)

0.85 (0.50, 1.47)

0.93 (0.52, 1.70)

1.12 (0.65, 1.92)

1.31 (0.76, 2.23)

0.92 (0.47, 1.82)

1.05 (0.61, 1.81)

1.32 (0.78, 2.23)

Carbohydrate < 45%EI

1.42 (0.79, 2.54)

1.08 (0.61, 1.89)

1.95 (1.07, 3.57)*

0.83 (0.48, 1.46)

0.87 (0.50, 1.51)

1.44 (0.69, 3.00)

1.46 (0.82, 2.59)

1.25 (0.72, 2.16)

SFA ≥10% EI

1.41 (0.81, 2.46)

0.85 (0.49, 1.48)

0.64 (0.35, 1.17)

0.94 (0.54, 1.62)

0.91 (0.53, 1.58)

1.91 (0.97, 3.75)

1.45 (0.84, 2.53)

0.92 (0.54, 1.57)

MUFA ≥20% EI

2.25 (1.28, 3.94)**

1.11 (0.64, 1.90)

0.71 (0.39, 1.30)

0.89 (0.52, 1.52)

1.12 (0.66, 1.91)

1.44 (0.73, 2.84)

2.19 (1.26, 3.81)**

1.17 (0.69, 1.97)

PUFA ≥10% EI

1.04 (0.58, 1.85)

0.96 (0.54, 1.72)

1.02 (0.54, 1.93)

1.14 (0.64, 2.02)

1.14 (0.64, 2.00)

1.58 (0.79, 3.15)

1.10 (0.62, 1.95)

1.12 (0.64, 1.95)

SFA/UFA ratio

0.67 (0.13, 3.43)

0.30 (0.05, 1.80)

0.33 (0.05, 2.41)

0.49 (0.09, 2.64)

2.23 (0.41, 12.15)

2.50 (0.27, 23.46)

0.86 (0.17, 4.42)

0.53 (0.11, 2.62)

UFA/SFA ratio

1.11 (0.75, 1.63)

1.37 (0.93, 2.01)

1.51 (1.00, 2.28)

1.28 (0.88, 1.86)

1.08 (0.74, 1.58)

0.81 (0.51, 1.29)

1.05 (0.72, 1.55)

1.46 (0.99, 2.14)

Sodium > 1800 mg

0.62 (0.32, 1.22)

1.04 (0.53, 2.08)

0.82 (0.38, 1.78)

1.16 (0.59, 2.27)

1.61 (0.79, 3.29)

0.99 (0.42, 2.31)

0.68 (0.35, 1.34)

0.98 (0.50, 1.90)

Fluid > 1500 mL

0.68 (0.38, 1.19)

1.73 (0.99, 3.04)

1.55 (0.84, 2.85)

1.34 (0.76, 2.33)

1.45 (0.82, 2.57)

0.92 (0.46, 1.86)

0.70 (0.40, 1.23)

1.16 (0.67, 2.02)

  1. IFG: Impaired fasting glucose, WC: waist circumference, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BP: blood pressure, CCI: Charlson comorbidity index, MET: metabolic equivalent minute/week, hs-CRP: high sensitive C-reactive protein, IDWG, interdialytic weight gains; BF: body fat; EI: energy intake, IBW: ideal body weight, SFA: saturated fatty acid, MUFA: mono-unsaturated fatty acid, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid, UFA: unsaturated fatty acid
  2. aMetabolic syndrome diagnosed by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (IFG plus any other abnormality: overweight/obese, high TG, low HDL-C, high BP)
  3. bMetabolic syndrome diagnosed by Harmonizing Metabolic Syndrome (three or more abnormalities: elevated WC, IFG, low HDL-C, high TG, high BP)
  4. Significant level at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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