Table 1 Baseline characteristics and laboratory data

Age (year)

66.6 ± 9.8

67.1 ± 8.9

65.9 ± 10.9

Male (%)

53 (63.9%)

29 (63.0%)

24 (64.9%)

Duration of DM (years)

13.9 ± 8.9

14.8 ± 8.3

13.2 ± 9.6

 CKD I

7 (8.4%)

4 (8.7%)

3 (8.1%)

 CKD II

19 (22.9%)

14 (30.4%)

5 (13.5%)

 CKD III

26 (31.3%)

17 (36.9%)

9 (24.3%)

 CKD IV

16 (19.3%)

5 (10.9%)

11 (29.7%)

 CKD V

15 (18.1%)

6 (13.0%)

9 (24.3%)

 Hypertension (%)

79 (96.3%)

44 (95.7%)

35 (94.6%)

 Dyslipidemia (%)

72 (87.8%)

43 (95.6%)

29 (78.4%)

 History of cardiovascular events (%)

3 (3.7%)

2 (4.4%)

1 (2.7%)

 Framingham risk score

15.63 ± 10.29

13.83 ± 8.07

17.76 ± 12.22

 High cardiovascular risk^a (%)

37 (44.6%)

21 (45.7%)

16 (43.2%)

 Anemia (%)

51 (61.5%)

22 (47.8%)

29 (78.4%)

 RAAS blockers (%)

45 (54.2%)

27 (58.7%)

18 (48.7%)

 Insulin (%)

29 (35.4%)

14 (31.1%)

15 (40.5%)

 ASA (%)

50 (60.9%)

28 (62.2%)

22 (59.5%)

 SBP (mmHg)

143.1 ± 22.4

135.5 ± 16.3

152.4 ± 25.4

 DBP (mmHg)

77.7 ± 13.9

74.8 ± 12.2

81.2 ± 15.2

 BMI (kg/m²)

27.5 ± 5.0

27.3 ± 5.2

27.73 ± 4.9

 GFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

45.0 ± 28.4

51.9 ± 27.6

36.4 ± 27.4

 Median UACR (mg/g creatinine)

283.7 [34.5, 762.9]

49.7 [19.9, 261.3]

673.4 [412.6, 2627.6]

 FPG (mg/dL)

150.6 ± 74.7

146.4 ± 78.9

155.8 ± 69.8

 HbA1c (%)

7.4 ± 1.6

7.4 ± 1.7

7.4 ± 1.5

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.9 ± 3.1

12.2 ± 1.7

11.7 ± 4.2

 Phosphate (mg/dL)

3.5 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 0.9

3.4 ± 0.8

 Median intact-PTH (pg/mL)

120.5 [66.9, 256.6]

133.55 [63.9, 269.2]

120.5 [70.6, 214.1]