Table 1 Participant Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Stratified by Albuminuria
Characteristic | ALL N (%) or Mean (se) | Unknown/Not tested N (%) or Mean (s.e.) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine albumin/crt < 30 N (%) | Urine albumin/crt 30–300 N (%) | Urine albumin/crt > 300 N (%) | p-value | |||
Total | 20,770 | 15,396 (74.1) | 4173 (20.1) | 311 (1.5) | 890 (4.3) | |
Agea | 53.5 (0.12) | 53.09 (0.13) | 55.26 (0.27) | 61.42 (0.94) | < 0.001 | 50.35 (0.58) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 6717 (32.3) | 5051 (32.8) | 1246 (29.9) | 120 (38.6) | < 0.001 | 300 (33.7) |
Female | 14,053 (67.7) | 10,345 (67.2) | 2927 (70.1) | 191 (61.4) | 590 (66.3) | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White (non-Hispanic) | 8801 (42.4) | 6673 (43.3) | 1693 (40.6) | 144 (46.3) | < 0.001 | 291 (32.7) |
African-American | 4346 (20.9) | 3062 (19.9) | 1015 (24.3) | 55 (17.7) | 214 (24.04) | |
Hispanic | 5838 (28.1) | 4365 (28.4) | 1130 (27.1) | 78 (25.1) | 265 (29.8) | |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 934 (4.5) | 713 (4.63) | 156 (3.8) | 20 (6.4) | 45 (5.1) | |
Other/unknown | 505 (2.43) | 350 (2.3) | 98 (2.4) | 5 (1.6) | 52 (5.8) | |
Primary language | ||||||
English | 13,736 (66.1) | 10,131 (65.8) | 2944 (70.6) | 222 (71.4) | < 0.001 | 439 (49.3) |
Spanish | 4417 (21.3) | 3289 (21.36) | 890 (21.3) | 64 (20.6) | 174 (19.6) | |
Other/unknown | 2108 (10.15) | 1580 (10.26) | 250 (6.0) | 11 (3.5) | 267 (30.0) | |
Health insurance | ||||||
Yes | 12,524 (60.3) | 9399 (61.1) | 2583 (61.9) | 184 (59.2) | 0.1130 | 358 (40.2) |
No | 5561 (26.8) | 4171 (27.1) | 1156 (27.7) | 90 (28.9) | 144 (16.2) | |
Unknown | 2685 (12.9) | 1826 (11.9) | 434 (10.4) | 37 (11.9) | 388 (43.6) | |
Primary Provider | ||||||
Yes | 10,311 (49.6) | 7722 (50.2) | 2118 (50.8) | 164 (52.7) | < 0.001 | 307 (34.5) |
No | 3936 (19.0) | 3027 (19.7) | 733 (17.6) | 38 (12.2) | 138 (15.5) | |
Unknown | 6523 (31.4) | 4647 (30.2) | 1322 (31.7) | 109 (35.1) | 445 (50.0) | |
Hypertension | ||||||
Yes | 8053 (38.8) | 5596 (36.4) | 1968 (47.2) | 204 (65.6) | < 0.001 | 285 (32.0) |
No | 11,742 (56.5) | 9122 (59.3) | 2048 (49.1) | 95 (30.6) | 477 (53.6) | |
Unknown | 975 (4.7) | 678 (4.4) | 157 (3.8) | 12 (3.9) | 128 (14.4) | |
Diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 4187 (20.2) | 2752 (17.9) | 1149 (27.5) | 155 (49.8) | < 0.001 | 32 (3.6) |
No | 15,577 (75.0) | 11,972 (77.8) | 2853 (68.4) | 145 (46.6) | 524 (58.9) | |
Unknown | 1006 (4.8) | 672 (4.4) | 171 (4.1) | 11 (3.5) | 334 (37.5) | |
Kidney disease | ||||||
Yes | 990 (4.8) | 625 (4.1) | 272 (6.5) | 61 (19.6) | < 0.001 | 32 (3.6) |
No | 18,065 (87.0) | 13,696 (89.0) | 3620 (86.8) | 225 (72.4) | 524 (58.9) | |
Unknown | 1715 (8.2) | 1075 (7.0) | 281 (6.7) | 25 (8.0) | 334 (37.5) | |
Family history of hypertension | ||||||
Yes | 11,183 (53.8) | 8258 (53.6) | 2358 (56.6) | 181 (58.0) | < 0.001 | 386 (43.4) |
No | 6836 (32.9) | 5153 (33.5) | 1312 (31.4) | 78 (25.1) | 293 (32.9) | |
Unknown | 2751 (13.2) | 1985 (12.9) | 503 (12.1) | 52 (16.7) | 211 (23.7) | |
Family history of diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 8837 (42.5) | 6466 (42.0) | 1956 (46.9) | 164 (52.7) | < 0.001 | 251 (28.2) |
No | 8116 (39.1) | 6158 (40.0) | 1620 (38.8) | 97 (31.2) | 241 (27.1) | |
Unknown | 3817 (18.4) | 2771 (18.0) | 597 (14.3) | 50 (16.7) | 398 (44.7) | |
Family history of kidney disease, transplant, or dialysis | ||||||
Yes | 2477 (11.9) | 1846 (12.0) | 507 (12.2) | 59 (19.0) | < 0.001 | 65 (7.3) |
No | 13,070 (62.9) | 9763 (63.4) | 2757 (66.1) | 179 (57.6) | 371 (41.7) | |
Unknown | 5223 (25.2) | 3787 (24.6) | 909 (21.8) | 73 (23.5) | 454 (51.0) | |
BMIa | 29.4 (0.05) | 29.2 (0.05) | 30.1 (0.11) | 29.6 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 29.1 (0.29) |
BMI Category | ||||||
< 25 | 4865 (23.4) | 3701 (24.0) | 926 (22.2) | 74 (23.8) | < 0.001 | 164 (18.4) |
25–29.9 | 6470 (31.2) | 5007 (32.5) | 1189 (28.5) | 88 (28.3) | 186 (20.9) | |
30–39.9 | 6024 (29.0) | 4447 (28.9) | 1332 (31.9) | 86 (27.7) | 159 (17.9) | |
> =40 | 1273 (6.1) | 871 (5.7) | 342 (8.2) | 24 (7.7) | 36 (4.0) | |
Unknown | 2138 (10.3) | 1370 (8.9) | 384 (9.2) | 39 (12.5) | 345 (38.8) | |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg1 | 127.5 (0.13) | 126.3 (0.14) | 130.8 (0.31) | 143.3 (1.33) | < 0.001 | 126.2 (0.83) |
Systolic blood pressure categories, mmHg | ||||||
< 120 | 6186 (29.8) | 4868 (31.6) | 1066 (25.6) | 37 (11.9) | < 0.001 | 215 (24.2) |
120–139 | 8513 (41.0) | 6489 (42.2) | 1706 (40.9) | 99 (31.8) | 219 (24.6) | |
140–159 | 3662 (17.6) | 2609 (17.0) | 866 (20.8) | 86 (27.7) | 101 (11.4) | |
160–179 | 952 (4.6) | 591 (3.8) | 290 (7.0) | 49 (15.8) | 22 (2.5) | |
> = 180 | 237 (1.1) | 106 (0.7) | 92 (2.2) | 25 (8.0) | 14 (1.6) | |
Unknown | 1220 (5.9) | 733 (4.8) | 153 (3.7) | 15 (4.8) | 319 (35.8) | |
Diastolic blood pressure mm Hga | 76.6 (0.08) | 76.1 (0.09) | 77.8 (0.19) | 80.4 (0.74) | < 0.001 | 77.6 (0.5) |
Diastolic blood pressure categories | ||||||
< 80 | 11,022 (53.1) | 8468 (55.0) | 2117 (50.7) | 130 (41.8) | < 0.001 | 307 (34.5) |
80–89 | 6023 (29.0) | 4530 (29.4) | 1220 (29.2) | 91 (29.3) | 182 (20.5) | |
90–99 | 2003 (9.6) | 1417 (9.2) | 480 (11.5) | 47 (15.1) | 59 (6.6) | |
> =100 | 575 (2.8) | 317 (2.1) | 203 (4.9) | 26 (8.4) | 29 (3.3) | |
Unknown | 1147 (5.5) | 664 (4.3) | 153 (3.7) | 17 (5.5) | 313 (35.2) | |
Blood glucose level, gm/dLb | ||||||
F < 100 or NF < 140 | 15,013 (72.3) | 11,596 (75.3) | 2795 (67.0) | 168 (54.0) | < 0.001 | 307 (34.5) |
F = 100–126 or NF = 140–200 | 2488 (12.0) | 1771 (11.5) | 600 (14.4) | 46 (14.8) | 182 (20.5) | |
F > 126 or NF > 200 | 1138 (5.5) | 607 (3.9) | 432 (10.4) | 68 (21.9) | 59 (6.6) | |
Unknown | 2123 (10.2) | 1417 (9.2) | 343 (8.2) | 29 (9.3) | 313 (35.2) | |