Table 1 Randomized controlled trials of thiazides in the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis
Author, Year | Treatment, Dose | Allocation Concealment | Blinding | Intention-to-treat Analysis | Withdrawals described | Selection for Hypercalciuria | Follow-Up (Years) | Treated/ Placebo, n/N | Events/Total, n/N Thiazide | Events/Total, n/N Placebo | RR c | Recurrence Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brocks, 1981 [29] | Bendroflumethiazide, 2.5 mg TID a | Unclear | Double-blind | No | No | No | 1.6 | 33/29 | 5/33 | 5/29 | NS | Composite |
Scholz, 1982 [31] | HCTZ, 25 mg BID b | Unclear | Double-blind | No | No | No | 1 | 25/26 | 6/25 | 6/26 | NS | Symptomatic |
Laerum, 1984 [23] | HCTZ, 25 mg BID | Unclear | Double-blind | Yes | Yes | No | 3 | 23/25 | 5/23 | 12/25 | 0.45 | Composite |
Wilson, 1984 [26] | HCTZ, 100 mg daily | Unclear | Open-label | No | No | No | 2.8 | 23/21 | 0.15 stones/year | 0.32 stones/year | 0.48 | Symptomatic |
Robertson, 1985 [27] | Bendroflumethazide, 2.5 mg TID | Unclear | Open-label | No | No | No | 3–5 | 13/9 | 0.22 stones/year | 0.58 stones/year | 0.38 | Symptomatic |
Mortensen, 1986 [24] | Bendroflumethazide, 2.5 mg | Unclear | Double-blind | No | No | No | 2 | 12/10 | 0/12 | 4/10 | – | Composite |
Ettinger, 1988 [22] | Chlorthalidone, 25 m /50 mg | Adequate | Double-blind | No | Yes | No | 3 | 19/23/31 (25 mg /50 mg/placebo) | 6/42 | 14/31 | 0.32 | Composite |
Ohkawa, 1992 [25] | Trichlormethiazide, 4 mg | Unclear | Open-label | No | No | Yes | 2.14–2.21 | 82/93 | 24/82 | 57/93 | 0.42 | Composite |
Borghi, 1993 [21] | Indapamide, 2.5 mg daily | Unclear | Open-label | No | Yes | Yes | 3 | 25/25 | 3/25 | 9/25 | 0.33 | Composite |
Ahlstrand, 1996 [30] | HCTZ, 25 mg BID | Unclear | Open-label | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3.6–4.3 | 17/22 | 9/17 | 19/22 | 0.61 | Composite |
Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2006 [28] | HCTZ, 50 mg daily | Unclear | None stated | Yes | No withdrawals | No | 3 | 50/50 | 16/50 | 28/50 | 0.57 | Composite |