Fig. 2

Adjusted cumulative incidence of chronic kidney disease by HBsAg serology at baseline

Parametric cumulative incidence curves (smooth lines) were estimated from a spline-based parametric survival model allowing for non-proportional hazards between positive HBsAg and negative HBsAg groups. Nonparametric cumulative incidence curves (step functions) were estimated from Kaplan-Meier methods. Both methods were weighted by stabilized inverse probability weights and stratified by HBsAg serology status. Confounders used to estimate inverse probability weights were measured at baseline, and included age (< 30, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59 or ≥ 60 years), sex (male or female), study center (Seoul or Suwon), year of health screening exam, eGFR (< 90 or ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²), smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol intake (none, moderate, or high), education (less than college degree, or college degree or higher), exercise (< 3 or ≥ 3 times per week of moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise), BMI (< 18.5, 18.5–22.9, 23–24.9, or ≥ 25 kg/m²), presence of diabetes, presence of hypertension, and presence of fatty liver disease.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen