Table 3 Factors associated with low use of routine medical care (RMC); stratified by age
From: Low use of routine medical care among African Americans with high CKD risk: the Jackson Heart Study
| Â | Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
All participants | Age < 55 years | Age ≥ 55 years | |
No. of events/N | 700/3191 | 340/1167 | 360/2024 |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Age | |||
  < 55 years | 1.61 (1.31, 1.98) | NA | NA |
  ≥ 55 years | Reference | NA | NA |
Gender | |||
 Male | 1.71 (1.41, 2.07) | 1.90 (1.43, 2.54) | 1.56 (1.20, 2.04) |
 Female | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Education | |||
  < high school diploma | 1.31 (1.07, 1.62) | 1.37 (0.98, 1.91) | 1.30 (0.99, 1.70) |
  ≥ high school diploma | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Income category | |||
 Poor: lower-middle | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.34) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) |
 Affluent: upper-middle | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Health insurance | |||
 No | 1.52 (1.18, 1.96) | 1.40 (0.98, 2.01) | 1.69 (1.16, 2.46) |
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Comorbidities & Behaviors | |||
Body mass index, Kg/m2 | |||
  < 30 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
  ≥ 30 | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.61) |
Tobacco use | |||
 Never | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Former/current | 1.43 (1.18, 1.72) | 1.50 (1.12, 2.03) | 1.44 (1.12, 1.84) |
Hypertension | |||
 No | 1.74 (1.27, 2.39) | 1.71 (1.08, 2.71) | 1.79 (1.15, 2.79) |
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Diabetes | |||
 No | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 1.24 (0.88, 1.73) | 1.41 (1.08, 1.84) |
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Cardiovascular disease | |||
 No | 1.12 (0.85, 1.47) | 1.89 (1.04, 3.42) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) |
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Chronic kidney disease | |||
 No | 0.96 (0.75, 1.24) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.21) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.49) |
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Psychosocial factors | |||
Trust a | |||
 Low | 2.16 (1.42, 3.27) | 2.32 (1.29, 4.16) | 2.07 (1.13, 3.80) |
 High | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Stress tertile | |||
 Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Middle | 1.16 (.91, 1.48) | 1.03 (0.66, 1.62) | 1.18 (0.88, 1.58) |
 Highest | 1.41 (1.09, 1.82) | 1.29 (0.82, 2.01) | 1.41 (1.02, 1.94) |
Anger tertile | |||
 Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Middle | 0.95 (0.71, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.73, 1.81) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.23) |
 Highest | 0.87 (0.65, 1.15) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.37) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.29) |
Daily discrimination tertile | |||
 Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Middle | 1.05 (0.83, 1.34) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) |
 Highest | 1.30 (1.01, 1.67) | 1.15 (0.76, 1.75) | 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) |
Lifetime discrimination tertile | |||
 Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Middle | 1.10 (0.86, 1.40) | 1.16 (0.76, 1.76) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.48) |
 Highest | 0.89 (0.68, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.68) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.08) |
Burden of discrimination tertile | |||
 Lowest | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Middle | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.34) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.00) |
 Highest | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.05) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89) |