Table 3 Factors associated with the index hyperkalemic event

 18–29

REF

REF

 30–39

1.07 (1.04–1.10)

0.86 (0.83–0.89)

 40–49

1.15 (1.12–1.19)

0.68 (0.66–0.71)

 50–59

1.41 (1.37–1.45)

0.68 (0.66–0.70)

 60–69

1.60 (1.56–1.65)

0.67 (0.65–0.69)

 70–79

1.76 (1.72–1.81)

0.60 (0.58–0.62)

  ≥ 80

1.77 (1.73–1.83)

0.62 (0.59–0.64)

 Male

REF

REF

 Female

0.89 (0.88–0.90)

1.08 (1.07–1.10)

Presence of measured baseline laboratory values

 BUN

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

0.70 (0.66–0.75)

 eGFR

31.49 (30.51–32.52)

29.81 (28.84–30.80)

 Current

1.05 (1.04–1.15)

1.17 (1.15–1.18)

 Former

1.40 (1.39–1.26)

1.26 (1.24–1.27)

 Never

REF

REF

 Unknown

0.72 (0.66–1.28)

1.32 (1.20–1.44)

 Hypertension

2.29 (2.27–2.32)

0.88 (0.87–0.90)

 Hyperlipidemia

1.42 (1.41–1.44)

0.85 (0.84–0.87)

 Ischemic heart disease

1.63 (1.61–1.66)

0.85 (0.83–0.87)

 Arrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation)

1.33 (1.31–1.36)

0.91 (0.89–0.93)

 Heart failure

1.94 (1.87–2.02)

0.89 (0.84–0.94)

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.31 (1.29–1.34)

0.93 (0.91–0.96)

 Peripheral artery disease

1.71 (1.64–1.78)

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

 Diabetes (types 1 and 2)

1.97 (1.94–2.01)

0.95 (0.93–0.97)

 Chronic kidney disease

1.69 (1.67–1.71)

1.04 (1.02–1.06)

 Obstructive lung disease

0.92 (0.91–0.93)

0.95 (0.93–0.96)

 Liver disease

1.13 (1.10–1.17)

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

 ACE inhibitor

15.11 (14.80–15.43)

13.63 (13.31–13.95)

 ARB

14.56 (14.05–15.09)

15.89 (15.27–16.54)

 MRA

17.47 (16.17–18.88)

7.77 (7.06–8.54)

 Antibiotics

0.32 (0.31–0.33)

0.33 (0.32–0.34)

 Loop diuretics

2.79 (2.72–2.86)

1.39 (1.34–1.44)

  Bendroflumethiazide

1.86 (1.82–1.90)

0.85 (0.83–0.88)

  Indapamide

1.45 (1.36–1.54)

0.57 (0.52–0.62)

  Hydrochlorothiazide

2.46 (2.26–2.67)

0.83 (0.75–0.93)