Table 2 Baseline characteristics of subjects stratified by serum klotho level
|  | Klotho groups | P–value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Lower than median (n = 877) (99–526 pg/mL) | Equal to or higher than median (n = 877) (527–2909 pg/mL) | ||
Age (years) | 55.3 ± 11.9 | 54.5 ± 12.3 | 0.152 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 556 (63.4) | 554 (63.2) | 0.921 |
SBP (mmHg) | 128.9 ± 16.7 | 128.2 ± 17.2 | 0.387 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.3 ± 11.5 | 76.0 ± 10.9 | 0.568 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 0.060 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 88.4 ± 9.8 | 87.8 ± 9.8 | 0.203 |
DM, n (%) | 348 (39.7) | 352(40.1) | 0.845 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 866 (98.7) | 853 (97.3) | 0.026 |
Preexisting CV disease, n (%) | 144 (16.4) | 154 (17.6) | 0.525 |
 CAD, n (%) | 46 (5.2) | 64 (7.3) | 0.076 |
 PVD, n (%) | 40 (4.6) | 36 (4.1) | 0.639 |
 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 50 (5.7) | 60 (6.8) | 0.325 |
 HF, n (%) | 11 (1.3) | 17 (1.9) | 0.253 |
 Arrhythmia, n (%) | 23 (2.6) | 29 (3.3) | 0.398 |
Cause of CKD, n (%) | 0.012 | ||
 GN, n (%) | 358 (40.8) | 388 (44.2) |  |
 Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 253 (28.8) | 238 (27.1) |  |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 214 (24.4) | 175 (20.0) |  |
 Others, n (%) | 52 (5.9) | 73 (8.7) |  |
Laboratory findings | |||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 44.9 ± 26.0 | 53.6 ± 30.6 | < 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 ± 2.0 | 13.0 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.953 |
 Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.0 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
 hsCRP, median, (IQR) (mg/dL) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.18) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.15) | 0.005 |
 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 110.9 ± 34.9 | 117.0 ± 49.1 | 0.003 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 172.8 ± 39.7 | 174.0 ± 41.0 | 0.531 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 168.6 ± 107.0 | 159.7 ± 98.9 | 0.072 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 95.0 ± 32.3 | 97.0 ± 33.1 | 0.205 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.9 ± 15.9 | 48.6 ± 15.1 | 0.356 |
 Overt proteinuriaa, n (%) | 475 (61.3) | 467 (60.7) | 0.821 |
 Klotho, median, (IQR) (pg/mL) | 418 (337, 475) | 656 (583, 774) | < 0.001 |
Medication, n (%) | |||
 ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 773 (88.2) | 748 (85.5) | 0.088 |
 Diuretics, n (%) | 342 (39.0) | 295 (33.6) | 0.058 |
 Statin, n (%) | 514 (58.6) | 484 (55.2) | 0.309 |
 Ca-based P binders, n (%) | 88 (10.0) | 73 (8.3) | 0.396 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 574 (65.5) | 544 (62.0) | 0.136 |