Association between prediabetes (defined by HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance) and the development of chronic kidney disease: a 9-year prospective cohort study

Table 3 Hazard ratio of chronic kidney disease according to prediabetes, body composition, and metabolic syndrome component

	Non-adjusted		Adjusted
	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P-value
IGT	1.362 (1.184–1.567)	< 0.001	^a1.135 (1.182–1.310)	0.043
Prediabetes defined by HbA1_C	1.661 (1.454–1.897)	< 0.001	^b1.391 (1.213–1.595)	< 0.001
Baseline eGFR (60–89 vs. ≥90)	4.704 (3.499–4.744)	< 0.001	^b3.727 (3.184–4.363)	< 0.001
Male sex	2.136 (1.848–2.469)	< 0.001	^b2.310 (1.993–2.77)	< 0.001
Age > 65 years	3.347 (2.878–3.892)	< 0.001	^b1.918 (1.631–2.255)	< 0.001
Current smoking	1.121 (0.841–1.212)	0.242
BMI > 25 kg/m²	1.347 (1.180–1.539)	< 0.001	^b1.100 (0.954–1.269)	0.190
Hypertension	2.104 (1.835–2.412)	< 0.001	^b1.606 (1.375–1.875)	< 0.001
Regular activity	0.853 (0.745–0.975)	0.020	^b0.859 (0.751–0.983)	0.027
Metabolic syndrome	1.318 (1.167–1.632)	0.012	^b1.125 (0.943–1.341)	0.191

BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration, IGT impaired glucose tolerance
^amultivariate analysis was done including IGT, baseline eGFR, age, BMI, hypertension, regular activity, metabolic syndrome
^bmultivariate analysis was done including prediabetes defined by HbA1_C, baseline eGFR, age, BMI, hypertension, regular activity, metabolic syndrome

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