Health related quality of life of dialysis patients in Malaysia: Haemodialysis versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Table 4 Bivariate analysis of independent factors and utility index score/visual analogue scale

Characteristics	Utility index score, mean (SD)	p value	VAS score, mean (SD)	p value
Modality		0.157^a		0.921^a
HD, n = 77	0.854		76.2
CAPD, n = 64	0.905		77.1
Age group, years		0.117^b		0.032 ^b
Young, 18–45, n = 36	0.924		80.97
Middle aged, 46–65 n = 75	0.850		74.66
Elderly, > 65, n = 30	0.871		75.53
Gender		0.764^a		0.892^a
Male, n = 78	0.871		76.06
Female, n = 63	0.884		77.29
Ethnicity		0.497^a		0.787^a
Malay, n = 65	0.873		76.23
Non-Malay, n = 76	0.880		76.93
Household income per month (RM)		0.453^a		0.191^a
≥ 3000, n = 27	0.908		79.26
< 3000, n = 114	0.870		75.98
Education level		0.376^b		0.593^b
Primary, n = 39	0.874		74.87
Secondary, n = 84	0.871		77.64
Tertiary, n = 18	0.911		75.56
Occupation		0.261^a		0.070^a
Employed, n = 38	0.911		79.82
Unemployed, n = 103	0.864		75.43
Dialysis duration		0.508^a		0.098^a
≥ 4.0 years, =62	0.891		79.08
< 4.0 years, n = 79	0.865		74.67
Diabetes mellitus		0.191^a		0.035 ^a
Diabetic, n = 69	0.857		74.09
Non-diabetic, n = 72	0.896		79.03
CVD		0.001 ^a		0.028 ^a
Present, n = 20	0.739		71.10
Absent, n = 121	0.900		77.52
Number of co-morbidities		< 0.001 ^a		0.001 ^a
< 3, n = 120	0.905		78.17
≥ 3, n = 21	0.714		67.71
Body mass Index (kg/m²)		0.834^a		0.929^a
< 25, n = 89	0.877		76.89
≥ 25, n = 52	0.877		76.13
Serum calcium (mmol/L)		0.340^a		0.079^a
< 2.20, n = 53	0.850		73.91
≥ 2.20, n = 88	0.893		78.24
Haemoglobin (g/dL)		0.013 ^a		0.164^a
Low, < 10, n = 41	0.829		74.76
High, ≥10, n = 100	0.896		77.37
Serum albumin (g/L)		0.063^a		0.034 ^a
Low, < 35, n = 50	0.836		73.10
High, ≥35, n = 91	0.899		78.54
Wheelchair-bound		< 0.00 ^a		< 0.001 ^a
Yes, n = 5	0.462		48.00
No, n = 136	0.892		77.66

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