Table 4 Baseline characteristics of the MRA population by disease cohort
Variable | MRA cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CKD | DKD | CKD + HF | DKD + HF | |||||
(n = 1574) | (n = 1574) | (n = 1004) | (n = 1747) | |||||
Age, years | ||||||||
Mean (SD) | 56.1 (13.0) | 59.0 (10.6) | 62.7 (13.5) | 63.5 (10.7) | ||||
Median | 57.0 | 60.0 | 61.0 | 63.0 | ||||
Range | 19 to 83 | 22 to 83 | 22 to 83 | 28 to 83 | ||||
Men, n (%) | 747 | (47.5) | 925 | (58.8) | 671 | (66.8) | 1113 | (63.7) |
Physician specialty, n (%) | ||||||||
Primary care physician | 207 | (13.2) | 166 | (10.5) | 106 | (10.6) | 173 | (9.9) |
Internal medicine | 258 | (16.4) | 280 | (17.8) | 163 | (16.2) | 310 | (17.7) |
Cardiology | 48 | (3.0) | 37 | (2.4) | 94 | (9.4) | 128 | (7.3) |
Nephrology | 602 | (38.2) | 666 | (42.3) | 210 | (20.9) | 430 | (24.6) |
Hospital | 176 | (11.2) | 152 | (9.7) | 190 | (18.9) | 295 | (16.9) |
Other | 241 | (15.3) | 235 | (14.9) | 211 | (21.0) | 370 | (21.2) |
Unknown | 42 | (2.7) | 38 | (2.4) | 30 | (3.0) | 41 | (2.3) |
Medications, n (%) | ||||||||
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 539 | (34.2) | 704 | (44.7) | 258 | (25.7) | 573 | (32.8) |
ACE inhibitors | 609 | (38.7) | 817 | (51.9) | 460 | (45.8) | 924 | (52.9) |
Renin inhibitors | 46 | (2.9) | 55 | (3.5) | 13 | (1.3) | 50 | (2.9) |
Β-blockers | 735 | (46.7) | 993 | (63.1) | 710 | (70.7) | 1366 | (78.2) |
Calcium-channel blockers | 722 | (45.9) | 817 | (51.9) | 321 | (32.0) | 766 | (43.8) |
Vasodilators | 395 | (25.1) | 529 | (33.6) | 351 | (35.0) | 789 | (45.2) |
Diuretics | 778 | (49.4) | 953 | (60.5) | 694 | (69.1) | 1390 | (79.6) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||
Hypertension | 1391 | (88.4) | 1516 | (96.3) | 949 | (94.5) | 1696 | (97.1) |
CVD | 275 | (17.5) | 412 | (26.2) | 641 | (63.8) | 1145 | (65.5) |
IHD | 245 | (15.6) | 388 | (24.7) | 595 | (59.3) | 1212 | (69.4) |
LVH | 106 | (6.7) | 156 | (9.9) | 390 | (38.8) | 668 | (38.2) |
Anemia | 518 | (32.9) | 576 | (36.6) | 436 | (43.4) | 941 | (53.9) |
Hyperkalemia | 95 | (6.0) | 109 | (6.9) | 75 | (7.5) | 216 | (12.4) |
Healthcare costs, $ | ||||||||
Mean | 31,380 | 32,761 | 77,274 | 84,733 | ||||
95% CI | 28,275 to 34,485 | 29,995 to 35,527 | 69,997 to 84,551 | 79,324 to 90,141 | ||||
SD | 62,801 | 55,954 | 117,501 | 115,256 | ||||
Median | 11,944 | 16,185 | 38,447 | 48,117 | ||||