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Table 4 Characteristics Associated with High Cost Hospitalizations from Cardiovascular Disease after Kidney Transplantation

From: Factors associated with adverse outcomes from cardiovascular events in the kidney transplant population: an analysis of national discharge data, hospital characteristics, and process measures

Variable

Comparison

Model 1: Transplant Hospital Only

Model 2: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics

Model 3: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics + Hospital Characteristics

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Transplant hospital

Transplant vs. Non-transplant

1.26

1.04

1.53

0.02

1.46

1.16

1.85

0.002

0.66

0.47

0.94

0.02

Patient-level Characteristics

 Age

≥60 vs. < 60

    

1.17

0.98

1.40

0.08

1.30

1.05

1.61

0.02

 Race

Non-white vs. White

    

0.89

0.74

1.08

0.25

0.87

0.70

1.10

0.25

 Sex

Female vs. Male

    

0.95

0.80

1.13

0.57

1.05

0.86

1.30

0.62

Type of admission

Emergent/Urgent vs. Elective/Others

    

0.55

0.43

0.69

< 0.001

0.54

0.40

0.72

< 0.001

 Admitted to high transfer in hospital

Yes vs. No

    

0.97

0.75

1.25

0.81

1.07

0.82

1.40

0.61

 Number of CV diagnosis

≥2 vs. 1

    

1.36

1.16

1.59

< 0.001

1.55

1.25

1.93

< 0.001

 Weighted Charlson score

≥2 vs. 0–1

    

1.08

0.86

1.35

0.51

1.05

0.80

1.39

0.71

 Hypertension

Yes vs. No

    

0.88

0.69

1.12

0.31

0.76

0.56

1.05

0.09

 Tobacco abuse

Yes vs. No

    

0.65

0.42

1.00

0.05

0.68

0.37

1.27

0.23

 Dyslipidemia

Yes vs. No

    

0.79

0.67

0.94

0.006

0.80

0.64

1.01

0.06

 Diabetes mellitus

Yes vs. No

    

0.89

0.76

1.06

0.18

0.89

0.72

1.10

0.29

Invasive CV procedure

 Diagnostic Cardiac catheterization

Yes vs. No

    

3.65

2.98

4.47

< 0.001

4.51

3.46

5.89

< 0.001

 Therapeutic cardiac catheterization

Yes vs. No

    

3.11

1.79

5.41

< 0.001

3.08

1.57

6.04

0.001

 CABG

Yes vs. No

    

17.91

3.79

84.61

< 0.001

25.48

2.65

244.93

0.005

 Valve surgery

Yes vs. No

    

6.68

1.30

34.31

0.02

13.63

0.66

281.03

0.09

 Other cardiac surgery

Yes vs. No

    

4.06

1.79

9.23

< 0.001

3.88

1.13

13.31

0.03

Hospital-level Characteristics

 Owner, Financial status, Payer Mix

  Hospital total expenses by quartile

2 vs. 1

        

1.37

0.76

2.49

0.30

3 vs. 1

        

1.73

0.89

3.38

0.11

4 vs. 1

        

1.40

0.63

3.13

0.41

  PPO Hospital

Yes vs. No

        

1.34

0.80

2.25

0.27

  % Medicare discharge

Per 10% increase

        

0.69

0.60

0.80

< 0.001

 Inpatient Capacity

  Hospital unit inpatient days by quartile

2 vs. 1

        

1.15

0.64

2.06

0.65

3 vs. 1

        

0.91

0.48

1.74

0.77

4 vs. 1

        

1.03

0.50

2.12

0.93

 Staffing Patterns

  Physician FTE/10 beds

Per 1 FTE increase

        

1.05

1.03

1.07

< 0.001

  Nurse FTE/10 beds

Per 1 FTE increase

        

1.01

1.00

1.03

0.18

 Process of Care for Heart Attack

  Aspirin at arrival

Per 5% increase

        

1.18

0.62

2.24

0.62

  Time to ECG

Per 20 min increase

        

0.99

0.92

1.07

0.85

QIC

6258.81

4193.5

2466.62

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